Developmental toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on Artemia salina cysts and larvae: Uptake, accumulation, excretion and toxic responses. (October 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhu, Song; Luo, Fei; Tu, Xiao; Chen, Wei-Chao; Zhu, Bin; Wang, Gao-Xue
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 229(2017)
• Page Start: 679
• Page End: 687
• Publication Date: 2017-10
• Subjects: Carbon nanotube -- Developmental toxicity -- Brine shrimp -- Oxidative stress -- Uptake; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Using Artemia salina ( A. salina ) cysts (capsulated and decapsulated) and larvae [instar I (0–24 h), II (24–48 h) and III (48–72 h)] as experimental models, developmental toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) was evaluated. Results revealed that hatchability of capsulated and decapsulated cysts was significantly decreased ( p < 0.01) following exposure to 600 mg/L for 36 h. Mortality rates were 33.8, 55.7 and 40.7% for instar I, II and III larvae in 600 mg/L. The EC50 values for swimming inhibition of instar I, II and III were 535, 385 and 472 mg/L, respectively. Instar II showed the greatest sensitivity to O-MWCNTs, and followed by instar III, instar I, decapsulated cysts and capsulated cysts. Effects on hatchability, mortality and swimming were accounted for O-MWCNTs rather than metal catalyst impurities. Body length was decreased with the concentrations increased from 0 to 600 mg/L. O-MWCNTs attached onto the cysts, gill and body surface, resulting in irreversible damages. Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities were increased following exposure, indicating that the effects were related to oxidative stress. O-MWCNTs were ingested and distributed in phagocyte, lipid vesicle and intestine. Most of the accumulated O-MWCNTs were excreted by A. salina at 72 h, but some still remained in the organism. Data of uptake kinetics showed that O-MWCNTs contents in A. salina were gradually increased from 1 to 48 h and followed by rapidly decreased from 48 to 72 h with a range from 5.5 to 28.1 mg/g. These results so far indicate that O-MWCNTs have the potential to affect aquatic organisms when released into the marine ecosystems. Graphical abstract: Highlights: Significant effects on hatchability, mortality and other parameters. Effect was related to oxidative stress, instar II showed the greatest sensitivity. Uptake, accumulation, excretion and uptake kinetics were shown. O-MWCNTs distributed in epidermis cells, phagocyte, lipid vesicle and intestine. The maximum O-MWCNTs content was reached at 48 h. Abstract : O-MWCNTs were ingested, accumulated and excreted by A. salina, and the toxic responses which related to oxidative stress were induced after exposure.