Investigating the contribution of shipping emissions to atmospheric PM2.5 using a combined source apportionment approach. (October 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lang, Jianlei; Zhou, Ying; Chen, Dongsheng; Xing, Xiaofan; Wei, Lin; Wang, Xiaotong; Zhao, Na; Zhang, Yanyun; Guo, Xiurui; Han, Lihui; Cheng, Shuiyuan
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 229(2017)
• Page Start: 557
• Page End: 566
• Publication Date: 2017-10
• Subjects: Shipping emissions -- WRF-CMAQ -- Source apportionment -- PCA -- Fine particle -- Qinhuangdao; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.087
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Many studies have been conducted focusing on the contribution of land emission sources to PM2.5 in China; however, little attention had been paid to other contributions, especially the secondary contributions from shipping emissions to atmospheric PM2.5 . In this study, a combined source apportionment approach, including principle component analysis (PCA) and WRF-CMAQ simulation, was applied to identify both primary and secondary contributions from ships to atmospheric PM2.5 . An intensive PM2.5 observation was conducted from April 2014 to January 2015 in Qinhuangdao, which was close to the largest energy output port of China. The chemical components analysis results showed that the primary component was the major contributor to PM2.5, with proportions of 48.3%, 48.9%, 55.1% and 55.4% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The secondary component contributed higher fractions in summer (48.2%) and winter (36.8%), but had lower percentages in spring (30.1%) and autumn (32.7%). The hybrid source apportionment results indicated that the secondary contribution (SC) of shipping emissions to PM2.5 could not be ignored. The annual average SC was 2.7%, which was comparable to the primary contribution (2.9%). The SC was higher in summer (5.3%), but lower in winter (1.1%). The primary contributions to atmospheric PM2.5 were 3.0%, 2.5%, 3.4% and 2.7% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. As for the detailed chemical components, the contributions of shipping emissions were 2.3%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.0%, 1.7% and 0.1% to elements & sea salt, primary organic aerosol (POA), element carbon (EC), nitrate, sulfate and secondary organic carbon (SOA), respectively. The results of this study will further the understanding of the implications of shipping emissions in PM2.5 pollution. Graphical abstract: Highlights: A combined approach was used to investigate shipping emission' contribution. Contributions to primary and secondary PM2.5 were both estimated. Shipping emissions contributed 5.6% of the ambient PM2.5 in Qinhuangdao. Secondary contribution (2.7%) is comparable to primary contribution (2.9%). Contribution was highest in summer (7.8%) but lowest in winter (3.8%). Abstract : Ship emissions had an unignorable secondary contribution to atmospheric PM2.5 . Annual contributions to primary, secondary and total PM2.5 were 2.9%, 2.7% and 5.6%, respectively.