Successful ceftazidime-avibactam treatment of MDR-KPC-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a patient with traumatic brain injury: A case report. Issue 31 (August 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gugliandolo, Agnese; Caio, Carla; Mezzatesta, Maria Lina; Rifici, Carmela; Bramanti, Placido; Stefani, Stefania; Mazzon, Emanuela
• Other Names: Lee. Won Sup section editor.
• Is Part Of: Medicine. Volume 96:Issue 31(2017)
• Publication Date: 2017-08
• Subjects: ceftazidime-avibactam -- chest trauma -- Enterobacteriaceae -- Klebsiella pneumoniae -- traumatic brain injury; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine -- Périodiques; Geneeskunde; Medicine; Periodicals; Periodicals; 610.5
• DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007664
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0025-7974

Abstract

Abstract: Rationale: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections are a serious health care problem, because of the high mortality. Carbapenem resistance is mainly caused by carbapenemases production, including Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). Ceftazidime-avibactam is a new cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitor combination for the treatment of complicated urinary, intra-abdominal infections, and nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram negative, or other serious gram-negative infections. Patient concerns: We showed the case of a 27-year-old patient, hospitalized for traumatic brain injury and chest trauma, with KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Diagnoses: Blood and bronchial aspirate culture analysis detected an infection caused by MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae, resistant to meropenem, ertapenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, colistin while it showed an intermediate sensitivity to gentamicin and was sensitive to ceftazidime-avibactam. Molecular analyses revealed that the isolate belonged to the epidemic clone sequence type 258 (ST258) carrying bla KPC-3, bla TEM-1, and bla SHV-11 genes. Interventions: After various combined antibiotic therapies without improvements, he was treated with ceftazidime-avibactam, on a compassionate-use basis. Outcomes: With ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy clinical and microbiological clearance was obtained. A week after the end of the therapy microbiological analysis was repeated and a positive rectal swab for KPC- Klebsiella pneumoniae was found, becoming negative after 1 month. Moreover, the patient did not show any relapses for up to 18 weeks. Lessons: This case indicates that ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy could be efficacious against KPC positive Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.