Atmospheric oxidation of hexachlorobenzene: New global source of pentachlorophenol. (September 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kovacevic, Goran; Sabljic, Aleksandar
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 159(2016)
• Page Start: 488
• Page End: 495
• Publication Date: 2016-09
• Subjects: G3 and MP2 methods -- Atmospheric oxidation -- Hexachlorobenzene -- Pentachlorophenol -- RRKM theory -- Particle-in-the-box approximation; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.026
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: Hexachlorobenzene is highly persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic and globally distributed, a model persistent organic pollutant. The major atmospheric removal process for hexachlorobenzene is its oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. Unfortunately, there is no information on the reaction mechanism of this important atmospheric process and the respective degradation rates were measured in a narrow temperature range not of environmental relevance. Thus, the geometries and energies of all stationary points significant for the atmospheric oxidation of hexachlorobenzene are optimized using MP2/6-311G(d, p) method. Furthermore, the single point energies were calculated with G3 method on the optimized minima and transition-states. It was demonstrated for the first time that the addition of hydroxyl radicals to hexachlorobenzene proceeds indirectly, via a prereaction complex. In the prereaction complex the hydroxyl radical is almost perpendicular to the aromatic ring while oxygen is pointing to its center. In contrast, in the transition state it is nearly parallel with the aromatic ring. The reliable rate constants are calculated for the first time for the atmospheric oxidation of hexachlorobenzene for all environmentally relevant temperatures. It was also demonstrated for the first time that pentachlorophenol is the major stable product in the addition of hydroxyl radicals to hexachlorobenzene and that atmosphere seems to be a new global secondary source of pentachlorophenol. Graphical abstract: Highlights: We explored the reaction mechanism of atmospheric oxidation of hexachlorobenzene. The addition of OH radical to hexachlorobenzene proceeds via prereaction complex. In prereaction complex oxygen atom is pointing to the center of aromatic ring. Reaction rates are determined for the whole range of environmental temperatures. Pentachlorophenol is stable product in atmospheric oxidation of hexachlorobenzene.