Cyber-physical vulnerabilities in additive manufacturing systems: A case study attack on the .STL file with human subjects. (July 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sturm, Logan D.; Williams, Christopher B.; Camelio, Jamie A.; White, Jules; Parker, Robert
• Is Part Of: Journal of manufacturing systems. Volume 44:Part 1(2017)
• Page Start: 154
• Page End: 164
• Publication Date: 2017-07
• Subjects: Additive manufacturing -- Cyber-physical security -- Advanced manufacturing; Manufacturing processes -- Periodicals; Production engineering -- Data processing -- Periodicals; Robots, Industrial -- Periodicals; Production, Technique de la -- Informatique -- Périodiques; Robots industriels -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 670.42
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2017.05.007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-6125

Abstract

Highlights: An overview of the AM process chain and attack vectors at each step is given. The .STL file as an attack vector is investigated in detail. An automated attack algorithm is used to insert voids into arbitrary geometries. A study using human subjects is conducted to simulate an attack occurring. Abstract: One of the key advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) is its digital thread, which allows for rapid communication, iteration, and sharing of a design model and its corresponding physical representation. While this enables a more efficient design process, it also presents opportunities for cyber-attacks to impact the physical word. In this paper the authors examine potential attack vectors along the Additive Manufacturing process chain. Specifically, the effects of cyber-physical attacks, and potential means for detecting them, are explored. To explore the potential implications of such an attack, a case study was conducted to evaluate the ability of human subjects to detect and diagnose a cyber-physical attack on the STL file of a test specimen. Based on the results of this study, recommendations are presented for preventing and detecting cyber-physical attacks on AM processes.