Factors associated with depression and anxiety among patients attending community‐based methadone maintenance treatment in China. (January 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yin, Wenyuan; Pang, Lin; Cao, Xiaobin; McGoogan, Jennifer M.; Liu, Michael; Zhang, Congbin; Li, Zhijun; Li, Jianhua; Rou, Keming
• Is Part Of: Addiction. Volume 110:Supplement S1(2015)
• Page Start: 51
• Page End: 60
• Publication Date: 2015-01
• Subjects: Anxiety -- depression -- drug user -- methadone maintenance treatment -- Zung's Self‐Rating; Alcoholism -- Periodicals; Drug addiction -- Periodicals; 616.86
• DOI: 10.1111/add.12780
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0965-2140

Abstract

Abstract: Aim: To estimate the prevalence of, and identify factors associated with, depression and anxiety among community‐based methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clients in China. Design: A cross‐sectional survey. Setting: Nine MMT clinics, three each from three Chinese provinces (Yunnan, Anhui and Jiangsu) between October 2008 and February 2009. Participants: A total of 1301 MMT clients. Measurements: A questionnaire, including the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Zung Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and on‐site urine drug testing. Findings: The prevalence of depression (SDS score ≥ 53) and anxiety (SAS score ≥ 50) in our sample was 38.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 35.7, 40.9] and 18.4% (95% CI = 16.3, 20.5), respectively, with 14.2% (95% CI = 12.3, 16.1) displaying symptoms of both. Sample prevalence rates for depression [mean = 49.69, standard deviation (SD) = 10.34] and anxiety (mean = 40.98, SD = 10.66) were higher than the national average for each ( t (0.05/2, 1300) = 19.2, P < 0.001 and t (0.05/2, 1300) = 8.0, P < 0.001, respectively). Employing multi‐level modelling techniques, gender ( P = 0.03) and employment status ( P < 0.001) were found to be associated significantly with depression in a single‐level model; however, in a multi‐level mixed model, only employment status ( P < 0.001) was associated with depression. Gender ( P = 0.03), education level ( P = 0.02), marital status ( P = 0.04), employment status ( P < 0.001), positive urine drug test results ( P = 0.02) and daily methadone dose ( P < 0.001) were found to be associated significantly with anxiety in a single‐level model, while only employment status ( P < 0.01) and positive results for the urine drug test ( P = 0.04) were associated with anxiety in a multi‐level mixed model. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of methadone maintenance treatment clients in China have experienced depression and anxiety during treatment. There is a need to provide tailored mental health interventions for this high‐risk population.