Massive attack of honeybee on macaws (Ara ararauna and Ara chloropterus) in Brazil – A case report. (15th September 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Milbradt, Elisane Lenita; Silva, Tarcísio Macedo; Hataka, Alessandre; Teixeira, Carlos Roberto; Okamoto, Adriano Sakai; Andreatti Filho, Raphael Lucio
• Is Part Of: Toxicon. Volume 136(2017)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 5
• Publication Date: 2017-09-15
• Subjects: Honeybee -- Envenomation -- Lesions -- Histopathology -- Avian pathology -- Macaw; Toxins -- Periodicals; Venom -- Periodicals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.06.007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0041-0101

Abstract

Abstract: Three adult birds of the species Ara chloropterus and five of the species Ara ararauna from a conservation breeding facility suffered a massive attack by honeybees. The A. chloropterus birds presented swollen puncture lesions with stingers (mainly in the facial regions without feathers), swelling of the eyelids and subcutaneous tissue, and respiratory distress, and they were treated with intramuscular injections of 1.67 mg/kg of promethazine and 10 mg/kg of hydrocortisone followed by removal of the stingers. Complete remission of the clinical signs occurred 48 hours after start of treatment. The five A. ararauna birds died before they arrived at the veterinary hospital, and the necropsies found stingers in the areas of the face without feathers and the subcutaneous tissue, which were associated with erythema, bruising, and swelling. Food content from the crop was found in the oral cavity and the tracheal lumen, and marked congestion was observed in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, brain, and cerebellum. Among the histopathological findings, significant swelling of the myocytes in the endocardium and vascular dilation with erythroid repletion were observed, and there were multifocal areas of centrilobular necrosis associated with severe congestion and hemorrhaging in the hepatic tissue. Severe acute tubular necrosis and hydropic-vacuolar degeneration were observed in the kidneys. The clinical signs and pathological findings suggest envenomation due to a massive bee attack, the first such report for Psittacidae. Highlights: Case report of Psittacidae ( Ara chloropterus and A. ararauna ) envenomation due to a massive bee attack. The prognosis depends on the number of bee stings received. Clinical signs may be treated with antihistaminic and anti-inflammatory agents. The clinical signs and pathological findings are similar to those found in mammals.