Subclinical atherosclerosis in low Framingham risk HIV patients. (August 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: León, Rafael; Reus, Sergio; López, Nicolás; Portilla, Irene; Sánchez‐Payá, José; Giner, Livia; Boix, Vicente; Merino, Esperanza; Torrús, Diego; Moreno‐Pérez, Óscar; Portilla, Joaquín
• Is Part Of: European journal of clinical investigation. Volume 47:Number 8(2017)
• Page Start: 591
• Page End: 599
• Publication Date: 2017-08
• Subjects: HIV -- inflammation -- intima‐media thickness -- microbial translocation -- subclinical atherosclerosis; Pathology -- Periodicals; Medical research -- Periodicals; 616.075
• DOI: 10.1111/eci.12780
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0014-2972

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is complex, and differences between HIV‐infected patients and general population cannot be completely explained by the higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to analyse the association between inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV patients with low Framingham risk score. Materials and methods: Case–control study. Setting: Outpatient Infectious Diseases clinic in a university hospital. Subjects: HIV‐1‐infected patients aged > 35 years receiving antiretroviral treatment with viral load < 50 copies/mL and Framingham risk score < 10%. Exclusion criteria: inflammatory diseases; dyslipidaemia requiring statins; smoking > 5 cigarettes/day; diabetes; hypertension; vascular diseases. Main outcome: subclinical atherosclerosis determined by ultrasonography: common carotid intima‐media thickness greater than 0·8 mm or carotid plaque presence. Explanatory variables: ribosomal bacterial DNA (rDNA), sCD14, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and TNF‐α. Results: Eighty‐four patients were included, 75% male, mean age 42 years and mean CD4+ cells 657 ± 215/mm 3 . Median Framingham risk score was 1% at 10 years (percentile 25–75: 0·5–4%). Eighteen patients (21%) had subclinical atherosclerosis; the associated factors were older age ( P = 0·001), waist–hip ratio ( P = 0·01), time from HIV diagnosis ( P = 0·02), rDNA ( P = 0·04) and IL‐6 ( P = 0·01). In multivariate analysis, OR for subclinical atherosclerosis was 7 (95% CI, 1.3–40, P = 0.02) and 9 (95% CI, 1.0–85, P = 0.04) for patients older than 44 years and IL‐6 > 6·6 pg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Well‐controlled HIV patients with low Framingham risk score have a high prevalence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, and the main risk factors are age and inflammation. These patients are not receiving primary prophylaxis for cardiovascular events according to current guidelines.