Ivory towers? The commercial activity of British professors of engineering and physics, 1880–1914. (2nd January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Guagnini, Anna
• Is Part Of: History and technology. Volume 33:Isuse 1(2017)
• Page Start: 70
• Page End: 108
• Publication Date: 2017-01-02
• Subjects: British universities -- academic patentees -- academic consultants -- academic entrepreneurs; Technology -- History -- Periodicals; Technology -- Social aspects -- Periodicals; 306.4605
• DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2017.1343986
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0734-1512

Abstract

Abstract: The involvement of British academic scientists in commercial work has been often discussed by historians of science and technology. However a systematic study of this activity is still lacking. Focussing on the period 1880 to 1914, I examine the engagement in consulting, patenting and entrepreneurial initiatives of a segment of that community, namely engineering and physics professors. I discuss the institutional context in which it occurred and their motivations. The survey highlights that the majority of the engineering professors examined were involved in consulting and patenting, and a significant number of them pursued also entrepreneurial activities. As for the physics professors, only a few followed the example of their engineering colleagues, but did so vigorously. I argue that far from being reluctantly brought into the market for knowledge, the engineering as well as the physics professors who engaged these extra-academic activities eagerly sought to partake in the commercialization of the products of their scientific work.