Wheat straw-derived biochar amendment stimulated N2O emissions from rice paddy soils by regulating the amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. (October 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lin, Yongxin; Ding, Weixin; Liu, Deyan; He, Tiehu; Yoo, Gayoung; Yuan, Junji; Chen, Zengming; Fan, Jianling
• Is Part Of: Soil biology and biochemistry. Volume 113(2017)
• Page Start: 89
• Page End: 98
• Publication Date: 2017-10
• Subjects: Nitrous oxide -- amoA genes -- Rice paddy soil -- Biochar -- Soil pH; Soil biochemistry -- Periodicals; Soil biology -- Periodicals; Sols -- Biochimie -- Périodiques; Sols -- Biologie -- Périodiques; Sols -- Microbiologie -- Périodiques; Bodembiologie; Biochemie; 631.46
• DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.06.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0038-0717

Abstract

Abstract: Biochar amendment of upland soil has been generally accepted to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions. However, this is not always the case in rice paddy soil, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To evaluate how biochar amendment affects N2 O production and emissions in paddy soil, an incubation experiment was designed including six treatments: wheat straw-derived biochar (slow pyrolyzed at 400 °C) amendment at rates of 0% (Control), 1% and 4% soil mass (w/w), inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer amendment (with urea), and N fertilizer plus 1% biochar and 4% biochar. The application of 4% biochar significantly increased N2 O emissions from N-unfertilized and fertilized soils during the 45-day incubation, by 291% and 256%, respectively, while 1% biochar amendment significantly increased soil N2 O emissions when accompanied by N fertilizer addition. On day 14, when the N2 O emission peaks occurred, N2 O flux was significantly correlated with soil pH in all treatments. Biochar addition also enhanced the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA genes, which was significantly related to soil pH. Among all detected N2 O-forming and reducing microbial genes, the abundance of AOB amoA genes was most closely related to N2 O flux. On biochar addition, the AOB community structure shifted from Nitrosospira -dominated toward Nitrosomonas, and the diversity of AOB was significantly increased. Compared with the control, biochar amendment decreased, albeit not significantly, the abundance of the nitrous oxide reductase encoding gene nosZ, but did not alter the abundance of nitrite reductase encoding genes nirK and nirS . Our study suggests that wheat straw-derived biochar amendment of paddy soils increased soil pH, which in turn increased the abundance and diversity of AOB and N2 O emissions. Highlights: Biochar significantly stimulated N2 O emission from paddy soils. Biochar increased soil pH and bacterial amoA gene abundance. Increased N2 O emission was mainly due to increased bacterial amoA gene abundance. Biochar shifted the community structure of AOB from Nitrosospira toward Nitrosomonas. Biochar reduced the abundance of the nosZ gene but did not alter nirK and nirS levels.