Complementary effect of hydroquinone and retinoic acid on corneocyte desquamation with their combination use. Issue 2 (August 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cheong, Kyung Ah; Lee, Tae Ryong; Lee, Ai-Young
• Is Part Of: Journal of dermatological science. Volume 87:Issue 2(2017:Aug.)
• Page Start: 192
• Page End: 200
• Publication Date: 2017-08
• Subjects: CDSN corneodesmosin -- DSC1 desmocollin1 -- HQ hydroquinone -- KLK kallikrein -- LEKTI lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor -- RA retinoic acid -- SCCE stratum corneum chymotrypsin-like enzyme -- SCTE stratum corneum trypsin-like enzyme -- SKALP skin-derived antileukoprotease -- SPINK5 serine-specific inhibitor Kazal type5; Hydroquinone -- Retinoic acid -- HQ+RA combination -- Desquamation -- SPINK5/LEKTI; Dermatology -- Periodicals; Skin Diseases -- Periodicals; Dermatologie -- Périodiques; 616.5005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.03.023
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0923-1811

Abstract

Highlights: Effect and mechanism of HQ, RA, and combination on desquamation were examined. HQ increased synthesis and decreased degradation of corneodesmosomes. RA induced the opposite results. HQ and RA combination led to summation of the individual component effects. The combination resulted in more desquamation than HQ but less than RA. Abstract: Background: Retinoic acid (RA) enhances skin-lightening capabilities of hydroquinone (HQ), at least in part, by facilitating desquamation which leads to increase penetration of HQ. The desquamation also affects skin irritation levels. The mechanism of RA-induced desquamation, however, has not been completely explored and no such data has been available for HQ uses. Objective: To examine the role of HQ, RA, and their combination in the desquamation. Methods: Primary cultured normal human keratinocytes, which were treated with HQ and/or RA in presence or absence of serine-specific inhibitor Kazal type5 (SPINK5)/lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) knockdown or recombinant human SPINK5/LEKTI, and biopsied skin samples applied with HQ or RA were examined. Expression levels of corneodesmosin (CDSN), desmocollin1 (DSC1), kallikrein5 (KLK5), KLK7, and SPINK5/LEKTI, and proteolysis activity against extracted human skin epidermal protein were determined using time-course real-time PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence staining. Results: HQ increased but RA decreased the synthesis of CDSN and DSC1. HQ reduced corneodesmosome degradation by the upregulation of SPINK5/LEKTI, whereas RA showed opposite results without upregulation of SPINK5/LEKTI. The combination of HQ and RA was close to the sum of the individual components. Conclusions: HQ reduced corneocyte desquamation. However, RA enhanced desquamation. The combination induced more desquamation than HQ but less than RA.