Diverse genome organization following 13 independent mesopolyploid events in Brassicaceae contrasts with convergent patterns of gene retention. (11th May 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mandáková, Terezie; Li, Zheng; Barker, Michael S.; Lysak, Martin A.
• Is Part Of: Plant journal. Volume 91:Number 1(2017)
• Page Start: 3
• Page End: 21
• Publication Date: 2017-05-11
• Subjects: whole‐genome duplication -- mesopolyploidy -- post‐polyploid diploidization -- biased gene retention/loss -- chromosome number variation -- descending dysploidy -- chromosomal rearrangement -- Brassicaceae; Plant molecular biology -- Periodicals; Plant cells and tissues -- Periodicals; Botany -- Periodicals; 580
• DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13553
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0960-7412

Abstract

Summary: Hybridization and polyploidy followed by genome‐wide diploidization had a significant impact on the diversification of land plants. The ancient At‐α whole‐genome duplication (WGD) preceded the diversification of crucifers (Brassicaceae). Some genera and tribes also experienced younger, mesopolyploid WGDs concealed by subsequent genome diploidization. Here we tested if multiple base chromosome numbers originated due to genome diploidization after independent mesopolyploid WGDs and how diploidization affected post‐polyploid gene retention. Sixteen species representing 10 Brassicaceae tribes were analyzed by comparative chromosome painting and/or whole‐transcriptome analysis of gene age distributions and phylogenetic analyses of gene duplications. Overall, we found evidence for at least 13 independent mesopolyploidies followed by different degrees of diploidization across the Brassicaceae. New mesotetraploid events were uncovered for the tribes Anastaticeae, Iberideae and Schizopetaleae, and mesohexaploid WGDs for Cochlearieae and Physarieae. In contrast, we found convergent patterns of gene retention and loss among these independent WGDs. Our combined analyses of genomic data for Brassicaceae indicate that extant chromosome number variation in many plant groups, and especially monophyletic taxa with multiple base chromosome numbers, can result from clade‐specific genome duplications followed by diploidization. Our observation of parallel gene retention and loss across multiple independent WGDs provides one of the first multi‐species tests of the predictability of patterns of post‐polyploid genome evolution. Significance Statement: Our data show that multiple base chromosome numbers in some Brassicaceae clades originated due to genome diploidization following multiple independent whole‐genome duplications (WGD). The parallel gene retention/loss across independent WGDs and diploidization provides one of the first tests that post‐polyploid genome evolution is predictable.