Ex vivo infection of human placental chorionic villi explants with Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii induces different Toll‐like receptor expression and cytokine/chemokine profiles. (22nd March 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Castillo, Christian; Muñoz, Lorena; Carrillo, Ileana; Liempi, Ana; Gallardo, Christian; Galanti, Norbel; Maya, Juan Diego; Kemmerling, Ulrike
• Is Part Of: American journal of reproductive immunology. Volume 78:Number 1(2017)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2017-03-22
• Subjects: Cytokines -- placental infection -- Toll‐like receptors -- Toxoplasma gondii -- Trypanosoma cruzi; Human reproduction -- Immunological aspects -- Periodicals; 616.69206
• DOI: 10.1111/aji.12660
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1046-7408

Abstract

Abstract : Problem: Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii present, respectively, low and high congenital transmission rates. The placenta as an immune regulatory organ expresses TLRs, leading to the secretion of cytokines. Both parasites are recognized by TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and TLR‐9. Here, we studied if the parasites induce differences in TLR protein expression, cytokine profiles, and whether receptor inhibition is related to parasite infection. Method of study: Placental tissue explants were infected ex vivo with each parasite, TLRs protein expression, cytokine profile and parasite infection were determined by Western blotting, ELISA and qPCR. Results: Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii infection is related to TLR‐2 and TLR‐4/TLR‐9, respectively. Trypanosoma cruzi elicits an increase in TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 cytokine secretion whereas T. gondii only increases the secretion of IL‐8. Conclusion: The susceptibility of the placenta to each parasite is mediated partially by the innate immune response. Abstract : Trypanosoma cruzi induce, in ex vivo infected HPCVE, increases of TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 protein expression as well as of secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNFα, IL‐10 and IL‐8 (right panel). In contrast, Toxoplasma gondii induce increases of TLR‐9 protein expression and IL‐8 secretion (left panel). The differential TLR activation and cytokine/chemokine profile might explain, at least partially, the different susceptibility of the placenta to both parasites.