Efficient solvent-less separation of lipids from municipal wet sewage scum and their sustainable conversion into biodiesel. (May 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: di Bitonto, Luigi; Lopez, Antonio; Mascolo, Giuseppe; Mininni, Giuseppe; Pastore, Carlo
• Is Part Of: Renewable energy. Volume 90(2016)
• Page Start: 55
• Page End: 61
• Publication Date: 2016-05
• Subjects: Sewage scum -- Biodiesel -- Centrifugation -- Direct esterification -- FAMEs; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.12.049
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0960-1481

Abstract

Abstract: A very efficient separation of lipids from wet sewage scum was optimised and positively tested on samples taken from several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). By simply heating sewage scum at 353 K and centrifuging the heated mass at 4000 rpm per 1 min, a recoverability of 93–99% of total oils was always obtained. This procedure resulted to be effective on samples with very different starting water contents. In all cases, extracted lipids have a very similar composition in terms of free fatty acids (FFAs), calcium soaps (32–40%wt) and glycerides (mono-, di- and tri-glycerides were practically absents), as well as fatty acid profiles. Once separated, lipids were converted into biodiesel through a direct esterification process carried out by adopting three sequential batch reactors, in which methanol and catalysts were charged in counter current. In this way, the complete conversion (>99%) of starting FFAs into FAMEs was perfectly matched with using the minimum amount of reactants under very mild conditions (345 K, 2 h). The overall convenience of the process was completed by the anaerobic digestion of fibrous residues obtained from centrifugation of starting sewage scum: the final biogas resulted largely enough to sustain the heat of process. Graphical abstract: Highlights: A solvent-less efficient separation of lipids from wet sewage scum was optimised. Centrifugation of heated raw wet sewage scum recovers 98% of starting lipids. Complete conversion of FFAs into FAMEs was obtained under mild conditions. The use of three reactors in counter current pushed conversion of FFAs over 99%.