Sex differences in stroke across the lifespan: The role of T lymphocytes. (July 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bravo-Alegria, Javiera; McCullough, Louise D.; Liu, Fudong
• Is Part Of: Neurochemistry international. Volume 107(2017)
• Page Start: 127
• Page End: 137
• Publication Date: 2017-07
• Subjects: Immune response -- Lymphocytes -- Stroke -- Sex differences -- T cells; ACE2 Angiotensin convert enzyme 2 -- AIS arterial ischemic stroke -- Ang-II Angiotensin II -- APCs antigen presenting cells -- AT2R Angiotensin II receptor -- BBB blood brain barrier -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- Breg B regulatory cells -- CNS Central nervous system -- CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 -- DAMPS Damage associated molecular patterns -- EAE Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis -- ER Estrogen Receptor -- FCG Four core genotype -- HIE hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy -- HT hormone therapy -- HTN Hypertension -- IFNy Interferon γ -- iCOS Inducible T-cell co-stimulator -- IL interleukin -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion -- MHC-II major histocompatibility complex II -- OC oral contraception -- PAMPs Pathogen associated molecular patterns -- PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cells -- PCOS poly-cystic ovary syndrome -- PE pre-eclampsia -- PMA/Io phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ Ionomycin stimulation -- PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- TCR T cell receptor -- TGF-β transforming growth factor β -- TLR Toll-like receptor -- TNF Tumor necrosis factor -- Treg T-regulatory cells -- vWF von Willembrand factor -- XCI X-chromosome inactivation; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Periodicals; 612.804205
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0197-0186

Abstract

Abstract: Stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease. Ischemic sensitivity changes throughout the lifespan and outcomes depend largely on variables like age, sex, hormonal status, inflammation, and other existing risk factors. Immune responses after stroke play a central role in how these factors interact. Although the post-stroke immune response has been extensively studied, the contribution of lymphocytes to stroke is still not well understood. T cells participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses at both acute and chronic stages of stroke. T cell responses also change at different ages and are modulated by hormones and sex chromosome complement. T cells have also been implicated in the development of hypertension, one of the most important risk factors for vascular disease. In this review, we highlight recent literature on the lymphocytic responses to stroke in the context of age and sex, with a focus on T cell response and the interaction with important stroke risk factors. Highlights: Sex differences in stroke exist throughout lifespan. Immune responses to stroke are shaped by age, sex, hormones, and chromosomes. Activation of T cells contributes to stroke sensitivity and outcomes.