Endogenous regeneration: Engineering growth factors for stroke. (July 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chan, Su Jing; Love, Christopher; Spector, Myron; Cool, Simon M.; Nurcombe, Victor; Lo, Eng H.
• Is Part Of: Neurochemistry international. Volume 107(2017)
• Page Start: 57
• Page End: 65
• Publication Date: 2017-07
• Subjects: AR amphiregulin -- AXIA AX200 for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke -- BBB blood brain barrier -- BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor -- bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor -- BMP-2 bone morphogenetic protein-2 -- CAM chorioallantoic membrane -- DG dentate gyrus -- ECM extracellular matrix -- EGF epidermal growth factor -- EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor -- EPO erythropoietin -- ErbB1 Erb-B2 receptor tyrosin kinase 1 -- G-CSF granulocyte-colony stimulating factor -- Gtn-HPA gelatin-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid -- HB-EGF heparin binding epidermal growth factor -- HIF-1α hypoxia inducible factor-1 α -- HRP horseradish peroxidase -- HS heparan sulfate -- ICV intracerebroventricular -- MCA middle cerebral artery -- NINDS National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke -- NRG neuregulin -- PENUT Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection -- PG proteoglycan -- pMCAO permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion -- REBIOS Revised Research for Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke -- rtPA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator -- SGZ subgranular zone -- STEMTHER Stem Cells Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke -- SVZ subventricular zone -- TrkB tropomyosin receptor kinase B -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor -- VEGFR2 VEGF receptor 2 -- vWF von Willerbrand factor; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Periodicals; 612.804205
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.024
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0197-0186

Abstract

Abstract: Despite the efforts in developing therapeutics for stroke, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) remains the only FDA approved drug for ischemic stroke. Regenerative medicine targeting endogenous growth factors has drawn much interest in the clinical field as it provides potential restoration for the damaged brain tissue without being limited by a narrow therapeutic window. To date, most of the translational studies using regenerative medicines have encountered problems and failures. In this review, we discuss the effects of some trophic factors which include of erythropoietin (EPO), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and heparin binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) in experimental ischemic stroke models and elaborate the lost in translation of the candidate growth factors from bench to bedside. Several new methodologies have been developed to overcome the caveats in translational studies. This review highlights the latest bioengineering approaches including the controlled release and delivery of growth factors by hydrogel-based scaffolds and the enhancement of half-life and selectivity of growth factors by a novel approach facilitated by glycosaminoglycans. Highlights: Regenerative medicine as the ischemic stroke treatment has attracted great attention recently since it promotes potential regeneration and repair to the damaged brain tissue without being limited by the narrow therapeutic window. Despites a large body of studies in experimental animal models suggests growth factors like BDNF, VEGF, FGF, EGF, EPO and G-CSF may be both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative to stroke, growth factors involving in clinical trials are by far disappointing. Hence several attempts have been developed to optimize growth factors for stroke treatment. In this review, we highlight the controlled release of growth factor hydrogel based scaffolds, targeted delivery to the brain and glysominoglycan chemistry that enhance the half life and selectivity of the growth factors.