Toxin production of Clostridium difficile in sub-MIC of vancomycin and clindamycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime. (June 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zarandi, Ebrahim Rezazadeh; Mansouri, Shahla; Nakhaee, Nouzar; Sarafzadeh, Farhad; Moradi, Mohammad
• Is Part Of: Microbial pathogenesis. Volume 107(2017)
• Page Start: 249
• Page End: 253
• Publication Date: 2017-06
• Subjects: Clostridium difficile -- Toxin production -- Combination -- Antibiotics; Pathogenic microorganisms -- Periodicals; Pathology, Molecular -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- microbiology -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- parasitology -- Periodicals; Micro-organismes pathogènes -- Périodiques; Pathologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.9041
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0882-4010

Abstract

Abstract: Toxin production in Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is a key process for induction of diarrhea. Several factors such as sub-MIC of antibiotics impact on toxin production. The aim of this research is investigation of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of vancomycin (VAN), clindamycin (CLI) separately and in combination with ceftazidime (CAZ) on toxin production in C. difficile . About ∼10 6 colony forming units (CFU) from 18-h culture of C. difficile ATCC 9689 and clinical isolates A + /B + /CTD −, were cultured anaerobically in the pre-reduced medium with appropriate concentration of separated and in combination antibiotics. After 24 and 48 h, 1 mL of culture was removed, centrifuged and the supernatant stored at-70 °C for later use. The evaluation of toxin production was carried out by the ELISA technique. All antibiotics alone and in combination formats inhibited toxin production over a period of 24 h. This effect is also observed in presence of VAN and CLI during a period of 48 h. Over a 4 h period, CAZ increased toxin production alone and in combination, especially with CLI. The data showed VAN and CLI decrease the level of toxins. In contrast, the CAZ not only increases the level of produced toxin, but also can interfere with VAN and CLI. Based on the results, combination therapy which is performed for treatment or prevention of other infections may cause toxin production and probably the severity of C. difficile AAD to increase. Highlights: Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) toxin production is a key process for induction of diarrhea. Sub-MIC of some antibiotics on C. difficile toxin production has been evaluated. Ceftazidime led to decreased anti -toxigenesis properties of vancomycin and clindamycin. Combination therapy to treat or prevent other infections may cause C. difficile toxin production.