Analysis of synthetic phenethylamine street drugs using direct sample analysis coupled to accurate mass time of flight mass spectrometry. (June 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: McGonigal, Maura K.; Wilhide, Joshua A.; Smith, Philip B.; Elliott, Noelle M.; Dorman, Frank L.
• Is Part Of: Forensic science international. Volume 275(2017)
• Page Start: 83
• Page End: 89
• Publication Date: 2017-06
• Subjects: Direct sample analysis -- 2C -- Synthetic phenethylamines -- Novel psychoactive substances -- Designer drugs; Medical jurisprudence -- Periodicals; Chemistry, Forensic -- Periodicals; Forensic Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine légale -- Périodiques; Chimie légale -- Périodiques; Gerechtelijke geneeskunde; Gerechtelijke chemie; Gerechtelijke psychiatrie; Chemistry, Forensic; Medical jurisprudence; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 614.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.02.025
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0379-0738

Abstract

Graphical abstract: DSA-TOFMS mass spectrum of street sample superimposed with identified structures and blotter papers. Highlights: Rapid identification of synthetic drugs. Rapid analysis without chromatographic separation. Accurate mass mass-spectral confirmation of structure. Abstract: Serious health complications and fatal overdoses have brought phenethylamine, otherwise known as 2C, drug abuse to the public's attention. These compounds are 2C-X series analogs of mescaline. The name "2C" results from the two carbons in the ethyl chain. The substituents on these emerging drugs are constantly changed in order to avoid listing as controlled substances. These synthetic drugs are marketed as having affects similar to LSD and MDMA and are typically consumed sublingually via blotter paper. Twenty-six commercially available standards were analyzed using a direct sample analysis technique coupled to accurate mass time of flight mass spectrometry. Direct sample analysis is an ambient ionization technique employing direct charge transfer from nitrogen reagent gas resulting in ionization and in-source collision induced dissociation. Mass spectral analysis was used to determine the fragmentation patterns of the 2C compounds. While the mass spectral data for the compounds are similar in fragmentation, they also display differences that allow the analyst to distinguish which compound is present. The fragmentation patterns, high-resolution mass spectral data, and isotope ratios are used to qualitatively identify two blotter paper street samples that were extracted together. As these drugs are emerging substances of abuse, there are no generally accepted protocols for this analysis. Additionally, presumptive, or screening, tests have not been widely developed for these materials. Direct sample analysis allows for a quick screening of seized compounds resulting in a preliminary identification, which can then be analyzed and confirmed using other analytical techniques.