Digital filters for low‐field NMR. Issue 4 (8th February 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Valori, Andrea; Mitchell, Jonathan; Fordham, Edmund J.
• Is Part Of: Concepts in magnetic resonance. Volume 46B:Issue 4(2016)
• Page Start: 202
• Page End: 220
• Publication Date: 2017-02-08
• Subjects: bench‐top NMR -- digital filter -- pulse sequence design -- signal‐to‐noise ratio -- time‐domain NMR; Magnetic resonance -- Periodicals; Nuclear magnetic resonance -- Periodicals; Biomedical engineering -- Periodicals; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- Periodicals; 538.36
• DOI: 10.1002/cmr.b.21346
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1552-5031

Abstract

Abstract: We review the theory and operation of digital filters in modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers with fully digital receivers. Custom digital filters tailored for particular experimental requirements offer substantial improvements in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), sensitivity, pulse sequence timing, and rejection of heteronuclear contamination. Pass‐band filters are designed and applied in the frequency domain. In high‐field imaging and spectroscopy, the impact of the filter is straight forward to visualize. However, low‐field NMR data acquired on bench‐top magnets are typically analyzed in the time‐domain where the influence of a frequency‐domain filter is not obvious and largely overlooked by end‐users. We provide practical guidance on the design and implementation of digital filters for bench‐top NMR applications, with examples of data acquired at 2.4 and 12.9 MHz. We discuss the compromise between speed (filter settling time) and noise rejection, and consider the special case of 19 F signal contamination in 1 H measurements. We suggest filter designs for narrow‐line liquid samples, broad‐line samples, and imaging.