Chemosynthesis pathway and bioactivities comparison of saponins in radix and flower of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. (6th April 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhou, Xin; Chen, Lin-Lin; Xie, Rui Fang; Lam, Wing; Zhang, Zi-Jia; Jiang, Zao-Li; Cheng, Yung-Chi
• Is Part Of: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 201(2017)
• Page Start: 56
• Page End: 72
• Publication Date: 2017-04-06
• Subjects: ANOVA Analysis of variance -- AP-1 Activator Protein-1 -- DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- dNTPs Deoxynucleotide Triphosphates -- ESI Electrospray Ionization -- FBS Fetal bovine serum -- GAS Interferon-Gamma Activated Sequence -- GLC Glucose -- HIF-1α Hypoxia Inducible Factor -1α -- HPLC High Performance liquid chromatography -- HRE Hypoxia Response Element -- HZZG Huazongzaogan (total extract of Panax notoginseng flower) -- ICMS The Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences -- IFNα Interferon α -- IFNγ Interferon γ -- IL-6 Interleukin 6 -- ISRE Interferon-Sensitive Response Element -- LOD Limits of detection -- LOQ Limits Of Quantification -- LPS Lipopolysaccharide -- MS Mass spectrometry -- MRM Multiple reactive monitoring -- NFκB Nuclear factor κB -- NRF2 Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 -- P. Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen ex C.H -- PF The flower of Panax notoginseng -- PGK Phosphoglycerate Kinase -- PGN Peptidoglycan -- PNFS Total saponins extract of Panax Notoginseng Flower -- PNS Saponins extract of Panax Notoginseng radix -- PPD Protopanaxadiol -- PPT Protopanaxatriol -- qPCR Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction -- RHA Rhamnose -- RRT Relative Retention Time -- RRA Relative Retention Area -- RSD Relative Standard of Deviation -- SEM Standard Error of the Mean -- STAT-3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 -- TGFβ Transforming growth factor β -- TLR2 Toll-Like Receptor 2 -- TLR4 Toll-Like Receptor 4 -- TNFα Tumor Necrosis Factor α -- TPA 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate -- XYL Xylose -- XST Xuesaitong (total extract of Panax notoginseng radix); Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen -- Flower -- Radix -- Chemosynthesis pathway -- Saponins -- Luciferase assay -- LC-MS; Ethnopharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosie -- Périodiques; Herbes -- Périodiques; 615.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-8741

Abstract

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a well known medicinal plant. Its radix is used in the history while its flower is recently used for health care. In this study we compared chemical ingredients and bioactivities in cell culture for radix and flower of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. Materials and methods: The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system was applied to determine the contents of saponins in flower and radix of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. Transcription specific luciferase reporter assay and qPCR method for selected RNA were carried out to assess the impacts of flower and radix extract on the transcription signal pathways. Results: The results of chemical analysis showed that the contents of saponins in flower and radix are very different: the contents of Rg1, Rb1, Re, R1, Rg3-20R, Rh1 and Rf in radix are abundant; in contrast, the contents of Rb3, Fc, Ft1, Rb2 and Rh2-20s in flowers are plentiful. There are substantial variations of those saponin contents from one batch vs another. Based on relative content of saponins, the chemosynthesis pathway of ingredients in radix and flower are proposed: for radix, both PPT (Protopanaxatriol) and PPD (Protopanaxadiol) type triterpenoids are involved, the main pathway is PPT→Rb1 →Rg1 →R1 or PPD→Rh2 20s→Rg3(20s)→Rd →Rb1 ; for flowers, only PPD is main passage with PPD→Rh2 (20s)→Rg3 (20s)→Rd →Rb2 →Fc. The results of signal transcription assays demonstrated that herb water extract of radix and flower had no significant influences on most of transcription activities. However, total saponins of radix and flower which have highly content of saponins were able to inhibit the inflammatory related transcriptional activities and their related mRNA expression of IFNα, TNFα, il-6 and TGFβ as well as induce anti-oxygen NrF2 activities. In summary, although chemical ingredients and chemosynthesis pathway of flower and radix for Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen were different, these differences might not result in their differences of pharmacological activities. Graphical abstract: The chemosynthesis pathway of ingredients in radix and flower are proposed: for radix, both PPT (Protopanaxatriol) and PPD (Protopanaxadiol) type triterpenoids are involved, the main pathway is PPT→Rb1 →Rg1 →R1 or PPD→Rh2 20s→Rg3 (20s)→Rd →Rb1 ; for flowers, only PPD is main passage with PPD→Rh2 (20s)→Rg3 (20s)→Rd →Rb2 →Fc. The results of signal transcription assays demonstrated that herb water extract of radix and flower had no significant influences on most of transcription activities. However, total saponins of radix and flower which have highly content of saponins were able to inhibit the inflammatory related transcriptional activities and their related mRNA expression of IFNα, TNFα, il-6 and TGFβ as well as induce anti-oxygen NrF2 activities. In summary, although chemical ingredients and chemosynthesis pathway of flower and radix for Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen were different, these differences might result in their differences of pharmacological activities although our transcription pathway analysis in cell culture study may not reflect the biological activities.