Characterization of the mass transfer of lyophilized products based on X-ray micro-computed tomography images. Issue 8 (11th June 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pisano, Roberto; Barresi, Antonello A.; Capozzi, Luigi C.; Novajra, Giorgia; Oddone, Irene; Vitale-Brovarone, Chiara
• Is Part Of: Drying technology. Volume 35:Issue 8(2017)
• Page Start: 933
• Page End: 938
• Publication Date: 2017-06-11
• Subjects: Freeze-drying -- lyophilization -- mathematical modeling -- micro-computed tomography -- resistance to mass transfer; Drying -- Periodicals; Desiccation; 660.28426
• DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2016.1222540
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0737-3937

Abstract

ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a systematic work process for the rapid determination of resistance to vapor flow given by the products being freeze-dried. This approach couples mathematical modeling and 3D nondestructive X-ray imaging to reconstruct the internal structure of lyophilized samples. Knowledge of the internal structure is fundamental to better understand the relationship between freezing and within-product heterogeneity as well as between freezing and the drying behavior of the product being lyophilized. The method was validated upon mannitol-based formulations using various freezing protocols. This stepwise approach was demonstrated to be helpful to lyophilization professionals for the control of within-product heterogeneity and for the optimization of the cycle.