Toll like receptor 4: an important molecule in recognition and induction of appropriate immune responses against Chlamydia infection. (April 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nosratababadi, Reza; Bagheri, Vahid; Zare-Bidaki, Mohammad; Hakimi, Hamid; Zainodini, Nahid; Kazemi Arababadi, Mohammad
• Is Part Of: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases. Volume 51(2017)
• Page Start: 27
• Page End: 33
• Publication Date: 2017-04
• Subjects: TLR Toll-like receptor -- PRR pathogen recognition receptors -- PAMP pathogen-associated molecular patterns -- DAMP damage associated molecular patterns -- RIP1 Receptor-interacting protein 1 -- MHC major histocompatibility complex -- TRIF TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β -- MYD88 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor -- MMP-9 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 -- PKR protein kinase RNA activated -- IRAK1 interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-1 -- TRAM TRIF-related adaptor molecule -- TIRAP TIR domain-containing adaptor protein -- TRAF6 TNF receptor associated factor -- NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells -- DNMT-1 DNA methyltransferase 1 -- TAK1 transforming growth factor b-activated kinase 1 -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- AP-1 activator protein 1 -- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cell -- NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate -- miRNAs MicroRNAs; Chlamydia infection -- TLR4 -- MYD88 -- TRIF; Communicable diseases in animals -- Periodicals; Veterinary immunology -- Periodicals; Veterinary microbiology -- Periodicals; Immunology -- Periodicals; Microbiology -- Periodicals; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- immunology -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- veterinary -- Periodicals; Allergy and Immunology -- Periodicals; Microbiology -- Periodicals; Veterinary Medicine -- Periodicals; Immunologie -- Périodiques; Microbiologie -- Périodiques; Maladies infectieuses -- Périodiques; Communicable diseases; Immunology; Microbiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 636.08969
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.03.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0147-9571

Abstract

Highlights: TLR4 is an important receptor for recognition of positive and negative bacteria. It appears that Chlamydia species can suppress TLR4 intracellular signaling. Genetic variations within TLR4 may be associated with Chlamydia infections. It seems that TLR4 plays important roles against Chlamydia infection and may determine the outcome of the infection. Abstract: Chlamydia species are obligate intracellular pathogens causing different infectious diseases particularly asymptomatic genital infections and are also responsible for a wide range of complications. Previous studies showed that there are different immune responses to Chlamydia species and their infections are limited to some cases. Moreover, Chlamydia species are able to alter immune responses through modulating the expression of some immune system related molecules including cytokines. Toll like receptors (TLRs) belonge to pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and play vital roles in recognition of microbes and stimulation of appropriate immune responses. Therefore, it appears that TLRs may be considered as important sensors for recognition of Chlamydia and promotion of immune responses against these bacterial infections. Accordingly, TLR4 detects several microbial PAMPs such as bacterial lipopolysacharide (LPS) and subsequently activates transcription from pro-inflammatory cytokines in both MYD88 and TRIF pathways dependent manner. The purpose of this review is to provide the recent data about the status and major roles played by TLR4 in Chlamydia species recognition and promotion of immune responses against these infections and also the relationship between TLR4 activities and pathogenesis of Chlamydia infections.