Measuring racial disparities in foster care placement: A case study of Texas. (May 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kahn, Nicholas E.; Hansen, Mary Eschelbach
• Is Part Of: Children and youth services review. Volume 76(2017:May)
• Page Start: 213
• Page End: 226
• Publication Date: 2017-05
• Subjects: Foster care -- Racial disparities -- Poverty -- Nonlinear decompositions; Social work with children -- Periodicals; Social work with youth -- Periodicals; Adolescent -- Periodicals; Child Welfare -- Periodicals; Social Work -- Periodicals; Service social aux enfants -- Périodiques; Service social à la jeunesse -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 362.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.03.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0190-7409

Abstract

Abstract: This paper uses administrative data from fiscal years 2002–2013 from the state of Texas to estimate racial disparities in foster care placement. The mean predicted probability of foster care placement is 2.5 percentage points higher for Black children relative to White children, and there is not a statistically significant difference in the predicted probability of foster care placement between Hispanic children and White children. Results from non-linear Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions show racial disparities in risk factors for child maltreatment do not explain the disparity in foster care placement; rather it is racial disparities in the effects of risk factors that are the main contributors. Discerning the respective roles of racial disparities in maltreatment risk factors as compared to racially biased decision-making can help to inform solutions to racial disparities in foster care entry. This research can provide guidance as to what extent resources should be focused on alleviating poverty versus training child welfare workers to recognize and eliminate decision-making bias; of course these ought to be complementary undertakings. Highlights: Black children are more likely to be placed in foster care than White children. No statistically significant difference in foster care placement between White children and Hispanic children. Racial disparities in the effects of risk factors explain placement disparities, not disparities in the risk factors themselves. There is descriptive evidence that cultural competence training helps reduce racial disparities in foster care placement.