Vehicle-to-grid feasibility: A techno-economic analysis of EV-based energy storage. (15th April 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gough, Rebecca; Dickerson, Charles; Rowley, Paul; Walsh, Chris
• Is Part Of: Applied energy. Volume 192(2017)
• Page Start: 12
• Page End: 23
• Publication Date: 2017-04-15
• Subjects: CM Capacity Market -- DSM Demand Side Management -- DUoS Distribution Use of System -- EV Electric vehicle -- ICE Internal Combustion Engine -- MSP Manchester Science Park -- NG National Grid -- PiM Plugged-in Midlands -- PS Pumped Hydro Storage -- PV Photovoltaic -- SoC State of Charge -- TOUT Time of Use Tariff -- UK United Kingdom -- V2G Vehicle to Grid -- VPP Virtual Power Plant; Vehicle-to-grid -- Electric vehicles -- Energy scenarios -- Economic analysis environment; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy conservation -- Periodicals; Energy conversion -- Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.102
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-2619

Abstract

Highlights: A V2G economic feasibility analysis environment was built. Manchester Science Park was used as a case study for review of 50 vehicles for V2G. Vehicle savings of up to £400, 000 could be made over a 10-year period. Abstract: The potential for electric vehicles to obtain income from energy supplied to a commercial building together with revenue accruing from specific ancillary service markets in the UK is evaluated in this work. A hybrid time-series/probabilistic simulation environment using real-world data is described, which is applied in the analysis of electricity trading with vehicle-to-grid to vehicles, buildings and markets. Key parameters are found to be the electric vehicle electricity sale price, battery degradation cost and infrastructure costs. Three vehicle-to-grid scenarios are evaluated using pool vehicle trip data, market pricing index data and half-hourly electricity demand for a commercial building. Results show that provision of energy to the wholesale electricity market with additional income from the capacity market results in the greatest projected return on investment, producing an individual vehicle net present value of ∼£8400. This is over 10 years for a vehicle supplying energy three times per week to the half-hour day-ahead market and includes the cost of installing the vehicle-to-grid infrastructure. The analysis also shows that net income generation is strongly dependent upon battery degradation costs associated with vehicle-to-grid cycling.