3‐D ballistic transport of ellipsoidal volcanic projectiles considering horizontal wind field and variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients. Issue 2 (25th February 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bertin, Daniel
• Is Part Of: Journal of geophysical research. Volume 122:Issue 2(2017)
• Page Start: 1126
• Page End: 1151
• Publication Date: 2017-02-25
• Subjects: volcanic eruption -- ballistic projectiles -- wind field -- inverse modeling -- forward modeling -- probabilistic hazard map; Geomagnetism -- Periodicals; Geochemistry -- Periodicals; Geophysics -- Periodicals; Earth sciences -- Periodicals; 551.1
• DOI: 10.1002/2016JB013320
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2169-9313

Abstract

Abstract: An innovative 3‐D numerical model for the dynamics of volcanic ballistic projectiles is presented here. The model focuses on ellipsoidal particles and improves previous approaches by considering horizontal wind field, virtual mass forces, and drag forces subjected to variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients. Modeling suggests that the projectile's launch velocity and ejection angle are first‐order parameters influencing ballistic trajectories. The projectile's density and minor radius are second‐order factors, whereas both intermediate and major radii of the projectile are of third order. Comparing output parameters, assuming different input data, highlights the importance of considering a horizontal wind field and variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients in ballistic modeling, which suggests that they should be included in every ballistic model. On the other hand, virtual mass forces should be discarded since they almost do not contribute to ballistic trajectories. Simulation results were used to constrain some crucial input parameters (launch velocity, ejection angle, wind speed, and wind azimuth) of the block that formed the biggest and most distal ballistic impact crater during the 1984–1993 eruptive cycle of Lascar volcano, Northern Chile. Subsequently, up to 10 6 simulations were performed, whereas nine ejection parameters were defined by a Latin‐hypercube sampling approach. Simulation results were summarized as a quantitative probabilistic hazard map for ballistic projectiles. Transects were also done in order to depict aerial hazard zones based on the same probabilistic procedure. Both maps combined can be used as a hazard prevention tool for ground and aerial transits nearby unresting volcanoes. Key Points: A horizontal wind field should be considered in every ballistic model A variable shape‐dependent drag coefficient can significantly affect ballistic trajectories Quantitative ground and aerial probabilistic hazard analysis for ballistic projectiles