Diel rhythms in the volatile emission of apple and grape foliage. (June 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Giacomuzzi, Valentino; Cappellin, Luca; Nones, Stefano; Khomenko, Iuliia; Biasioli, Franco; Knight, Alan L.; Angeli, Sergio
• Is Part Of: Phytochemistry. Volume 138(2017)
• Page Start: 104
• Page End: 115
• Publication Date: 2017-06
• Subjects: Malus x domestica, Rosaceae -- Vitis vinifera, Vitaceae -- CLSA-GC-MS -- PTR-ToF-MS -- Constitutive volatiles -- Methanol -- Acetaldehyde -- (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate -- (E, E)-α-farnesene; Methanol (PubChem CID: 887) -- Acetaldehyde (PubChem CID: 177) -- (Z)-3-hexenol (PubChem CID: 5281167) -- (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (PubChem CID: 5363388) -- (E)-4, 8-dimethyl-1, 3, 7-nonatriene (PubChem CID: 6449967) -- (E)-β-ocimene (PubChem CID: 5281553) -- Linalool (PubChem CID: 6549) -- β-caryophyllene (PubChem CID: 5281515) -- (E, E)-α-farnesene (PubChem CID: 5281516); Botanical chemistry -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Botany -- Periodicals; Chimie végétale -- Périodiques; 572.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.03.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0031-9422

Abstract

Abstract: This study investigated the diel emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from intact apple ( Malus x domestica Borkh., cv. Golden Delicious) and grape ( Vitis vinifera L., cv. Pinot Noir) foliage. Volatiles were monitored continuously for 48 h by proton transfer reaction - time of flight - mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). In addition, volatiles were collected by closed-loop-stripping-analysis (CLSA) and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after 1 h and again 24 and 48 h later. Fourteen and ten volatiles were characterized by GC-MS in apple and grape, respectively. The majority of these were terpenes, followed by green leaf volatiles, and aromatic compounds. The PTR-ToF-MS identified 10 additional compounds and established their diel emission rhythms. The most abundant volatiles displaying a diel rhythm included methanol and dimethyl sulfide in both plants, acetone in grape, and mono-, homo- and sesquiterpenes in apple. The majority of volatiles were released from both plants during the photophase; whereas methanol, CO2, methyl-butenol and benzeneacetaldehyde were released at significantly higher levels during the scotophase. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, and some green leaf volatiles showed distinct emission bursts in both plants following the daily light switch-off. These new results obtained with a combined analytical approach broaden our understanding of the rhythms of constitutive volatile release from two important horticultural crops. In particular, diel emission of sulfur and nitrogen-containing volatiles are reported here for the first time in these two crops. Graphical abstract: Intact apple and grape foliage showed distinct diel rhythms in the release of volatile organic compounds. The use of proton transfer reaction - time of flight - mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) together revealed several new aspects of these plants' rhythmic release of volatiles. Highlights: The volatiles emitted from intact apple and grape foliage were quantified by GC-MS and PTR-ToF-MS. Diel emission rhythms were detected with several emitted volatiles. Emission bursts of several volatiles followed the light switch-off with both plants. Some sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds were detected for the first time in apple and grape.