Alterations of fatty acid profiles in gestational diabetes and influence of the diet. (May 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Taschereau-Charron, Andréa; Da Silva, Marine S.; Bilodeau, Jean-François; Morisset, Anne-Sophie; Julien, Pierre; Rudkowska, Iwona
• Is Part Of: Maturitas. Volume 99(2017)
• Page Start: 98
• Page End: 104
• Publication Date: 2017-05
• Subjects: Dietary fats -- Fatty acids -- Gestational diabetes -- Insulin resistance -- Omega-3; Climacteric -- Periodicals; Menopause -- Periodicals; Climacteric -- Periodicals; Geriatrics -- Periodicals; Menopause -- Periodicals; Middle Aged -- Periodicals; Climatère -- Périodiques; Ménopause -- Périodiques; Climacterium; Climacteric; Menopause; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 612.66
• DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.01.014
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-5122

Abstract

Highlights: Higher saturated fatty acids (FA) and lower polyunsaturated FA levels in blood are characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). FA profile may be modified by an appropriate diet to prevent GDM and its complications. Studies support the recommendation that women at risk of GDM should increase docosahexaenoic acid intake. Little is known on the associations between FA profiles and GDM early in pregnancy; therefore, there is a need for more studies. Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-induced complication with increased prevalence, especially in overweight women. Fatty acid (FA) composition in tissues can reflect dietary fat intake, especially essential FA intake. Moreover, it has been shown that FA profiles in blood lipid fractions are altered in diabetic patients. Consequently, women with GDM may also have a distinctive FA profile. The objective of this review is compare FA profiles in different blood lipid fractions and the influence of dietary fat intake in women with GDM or normoglycemic pregnancies. Results show that women with GDM have more saturated and less polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in their red blood cell (RBC) membranes than normoglycemic pregnant women. Moreover, some studies reported that women with GDM have a greater energy intake from total fat and saturated FA, along with a lower energy intake from PUFA, when compared to normoglycemic pregnancies. Clinical trials showed that omega-3 PUFA levels in RBC membranes of GDM women can be restored by a dietary intervention. Further research is required to determine whether FA profiles are altered prior to the diagnosis of GDM and can be prevented by diet.