The price of attack: rethinking damage costs in animal contests. (April 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lane, Sarah M.; Briffa, Mark
• Is Part Of: Animal behaviour. Volume 126(2017)
• Page Start: 23
• Page End: 29
• Publication Date: 2017-04
• Subjects: animal contests -- cumulative assessment model -- damage costs -- injurious contests -- self-inflicted damage; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; 591.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.015
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0003-3472

Abstract

Abstract : Theoretical models of injurious animal contests, such as the cumulative assessment model (CAM), predict that an individual's decision to give up and retreat from a fight is determined by reaching a maximum cost threshold ( C max ). Under this model, an individual gives up when the accumulated costs of persisting exceed this threshold. CAM predicts that the velocity with which C max is reached depends on both the energetic (physiological) costs of remaining in the fight and the damage costs of injuries received. Here we propose that damage costs are accumulated not only by receiving injuries, but in some cases also by inflicting injury (attacking). We argue that these self-inflicted damage costs need to be incorporated into theoretical frameworks to fully understand what drives an individual to make the decision to give up, and we call for further research into this area. Highlights: Animal contest theory assumes that attacks result in damage to the receiver only. However, the attacker often damages itself while inflicting injury on its opponent. We review evidence from the literature of this self-inflicted damage. Damage from inflicting and receiving attacks will affect the decision to give up. We call for theoretical and empirical studies investigating the costs of attacking.