Assessment of micro-scale anaerobic digestion for management of urban organic waste: A case study in London, UK. (March 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Walker, M.; Theaker, H.; Yaman, R.; Poggio, D.; Nimmo, W.; Bywater, A.; Blanch, G.; Pourkashanian, M.
• Is Part Of: Waste management. Volume 61(2017)
• Page Start: 258
• Page End: 268
• Publication Date: 2017-03
• Subjects: AD Anaerobic Digestion -- COD Chemical Oxygen Demand -- COP Coefficient of performance -- GHG Greenhouse gas -- HRT Hydraulic retention time -- kWe Kilowatts of electrical output -- LCV Lower calorific value -- OLR Organic loading rate -- TPA Tonnes per annum -- TS Total solids -- VFA Volatile fatty acids -- VS Volatile solids; Anaerobic digestion -- Biogas -- Food waste -- Urban organic waste -- Ammonia inhibition -- Micro-scale; Hazardous wastes -- Periodicals; Refuse and refuse disposal -- Periodicals; 363.728
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.036
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0956-053X

Abstract

Highlights: A micro-scale AD plant was built and operated reliably in London, UK. The system produced 0.596 m 3 CH4 kg −1 VS from locally-collected mixed organic waste. GHG reduction of the system was 0.741 kg CO2eq kg −1 waste treated cf. landfilling. The system advantageously included a pre-digestion tank to buffer the feed variations. Biological ammonia inhibition was mitigated by trace element supplementation. Abstract: This paper describes the analysis of an AD plant that is novel in that it is located in an urban environment, built on a micro-scale, fed on food and catering waste, and operates as a purposeful system. The plant was built in 2013 and continues to operate to date, processing urban food waste and generating biogas for use in a community café. The plant was monitored for a period of 319 days during 2014, during which the operational parameters, biological stability and energy requirements of the plant were assessed. The plant processed 4574 kg of food waste during this time, producing 1008 m 3 of biogas at average 60.6% methane. The results showed that the plant was capable of stable operation despite large fluctuations in the rate and type of feed. Another innovative aspect of the plant was that it was equipped with a pre-digester tank and automated feeding, which reduced the effect of feedstock variations on the digestion process. Towards the end of the testing period, a rise in the concentration of volatile fatty acids and ammonia was detected in the digestate, indicating biological instability, and this was successfully remedied by adding trace elements. The energy balance and coefficient of performance (COP) of the system were calculated, which concluded that the system used 49% less heat energy by being housed in a greenhouse, achieved a net positive energy balance and potential COP of 3.16 and 5.55 based on electrical and heat energy, respectively. Greenhouse gas emissions analysis concluded that the most important contribution of the plant to the mitigation of greenhouse gases was the avoidance of on-site fossil fuel use, followed by the diversion of food waste from landfill and that the plant could result in carbon reduction of 2.95 kg CO2eq kW h −1 electricity production or 0.741 kg CO2eq kg −1 waste treated.