A comparative study of machine learning classifiers for modeling travel mode choice. (15th July 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hagenauer, Julian; Helbich, Marco
• Is Part Of: Expert systems with applications. Volume 78(2017)
• Page Start: 273
• Page End: 282
• Publication Date: 2017-07-15
• Subjects: Travel mode choice -- Classification -- Machine learning -- The Netherlands; Expert systems (Computer science) -- Periodicals; Systèmes experts (Informatique) -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 006.33
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2017.01.057
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0957-4174

Abstract

Highlights: A comparison of 7 classifiers for travel mode prediction is performed. Prediction accuracy and variable importance for each travel mode is investigated. Among the investigated classifiers, random forest performs best. Trip distance followed by the number of cars are the most important variables. The importance of other variables varies with travel mode and classifier. Abstract: The analysis of travel mode choice is an important task in transportation planning and policy making in order to understand and predict travel demands. While advances in machine learning have led to numerous powerful classifiers, their usefulness for modeling travel mode choice remains largely unexplored. Using extensive Dutch travel diary data from the years 2010 to 2012, enriched with variables on the built and natural environment as well as on weather conditions, this study compares the predictive performance of seven selected machine learning classifiers for travel mode choice analysis and makes recommendations for model selection. In addition, it addresses the importance of different variables and how they relate to different travel modes. The results show that random forest performs significantly better than any other of the investigated classifiers, including the commonly used multinomial logit model. While trip distance is found to be the most important variable, the importance of the other variables varies with classifiers and travel modes. The importance of the meteorological variables is highest for support vector machine, while temperature is particularly important for predicting bicycle and public transport trips. The results suggest that the analysis of variable importance with respect to the different classifiers and travel modes is essential for a better understanding and effective modeling of people's travel behavior.