Repair of calvarial bone defects in mice using electrospun polystyrene scaffolds combined with β-TCP or gold nanoparticles. (February 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Terranova, Lisa; Dragusin, Diana Maria; Mallet, Romain; Vasile, Eugeniu; Stancu, Izabela-Cristina; Behets, Catherine; Chappard, Daniel
• Is Part Of: Micron. Volume 93(2017:Feb.)
• Page Start: 29
• Page End: 37
• Publication Date: 2017-02
• Subjects: β-TCP beta tricalcium phosphate -- β-TCP-PS polystyrene scaffold blended with β-TCP -- AuNPs gold nanoparticles -- Au-PS polystyrene scaffold decorated with gold nanoparticles -- BAr/TAr bone area/total area -- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide -- EDS energy X-ray dispersive spectroscopy -- FTIR fourier transform infrared spectroscopy -- hMSC human mesenchymal stem cells -- MicroCT X–ray microcomputed tomography -- MSA mercaptosuccinic acid -- PS polystyrene -- SEM scanning electron microscopy -- UCL Université Catholique de Louvain; Polystyrene fibers -- β-TCP -- Gold nanoparticles -- Electrospinning -- Cytocompatibility -- Biocompatibility; Microscopy -- Periodicals; Electron Probe Microanalysis -- Periodicals; Microscopy -- Periodicals; Microscopie -- Périodiques; Microscopy; Periodicals; 502.82
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.11.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0968-4328

Abstract

Highlights: Development of polystyrene microfiber scaffolds, combined with beta-tricalcium phosphate grains or gold nanoparticles, by electrospinning. β-Tricalcium phosphate incorporated in the polystyrene scaffold enhanced in vitro cell proliferation compared to polystyrene alone scaffolds and gold-covered scaffolds. β-Tricalcium phosphate on polystyrene scaffold improved bone reconstruction in a model of critical size calvarial defect in mice. Abstract: Non-biodegradable porous polystyrene (PS) scaffolds, composed of microfibers, have been prepared by electrospinning for the reconstruction of large bone defects. PS microfibers were prepared by incorporating β-TCP grains inside the polymer or grafting gold nanoparticles surface functionalized with mercaptosuccinic acid. Cytocompatibility of the three types of scaffolds (PS, β-TCP-PS and Au-PS) was studied by seeding human mesenchymal stem cells. Biocompatibility was evaluated by implanting β-TCP-PS and Au-PS scaffolds into a critical size (4 mm) calvarial defect in mice. Calvaria were taken 6, 9, and 12 weeks after implantation; newly formed bone and cellular response was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histology. β-TCP-PS scaffolds showed a significantly higher cell proliferation in vitro than on PS or Au-PS alone; clearly, the presence of β-TCP grains improved cytocompatibility. Biocompatibility study in the mouse calvaria model showed that β-TCP-PS scaffolds were significantly associated with more newly-formed bone than Au-PS. Bone developed by osteoconduction from the defect margins to the center. A dense fibrous connective tissue containing blood vessels was identified histologically in both types of scaffolds. There was no inflammatory foci nor giant cell in these areas. AuNPs aggregates were identified histologically in the fibrosis and also incorporated in the newly-formed bone matrix. Although the different types of PS microfibers appeared cytocompatible during the in vitro experiment, they appeared biotolerated in vivo since they induced a fibrotic reaction associated with newly formed bone.