Multiple sclerosis and air pollution exposure: Mechanisms toward brain autoimmunity. (March 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Esmaeil Mousavi, Sayed; Heydarpour, Pouria; Reis, Jacques; Amiri, Masoud; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
• Is Part Of: Medical hypotheses. Volume 100(2017)
• Page Start: 23
• Page End: 30
• Publication Date: 2017-03
• Subjects: AD Alzheimer's disease -- B[a]P Benzo[a]Pyrene -- BBB blood brain barrier -- CNS central nervous system -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- CSF cerebrospinal fluid -- DE diesel exhaust -- DEE diesel engine exhaust -- DEP diesel exhaust particles -- EAE Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis -- EC endothelial cell -- ET-1 endothelin1 -- HO-1 heme oxygenase1 -- ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 -- IL interleukin -- iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- MVE monocyte chemoattractant protein1 -- MIF macrophage inhibitory factor -- MIP1α macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α -- MMP matrix metalloproteinase -- MS multiple sclerosis -- NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B -- NO nitric oxide -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- SOD superoxide dismutase -- TJ tight junction -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha -- PD Parkinson's disease -- PM particulate matter -- UVB ultraviolet B -- VCAM-1 vascular adhesion molecule 1; Multiple sclerosis -- Air pollution -- Oxidative stress -- Blood brain barrier -- Neuroinflammation -- Autoimmunity; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine -- Périodiques; Medicine; Periodicals; 610
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-9877

Abstract

Abstract: The association between neurodegenerative diseases and environmental exposures, in particular air pollution, has been noticed in the last two decades, but the importance of this environmental factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis has not been considered extensively. However, recent evidence suggests that major mechanisms involved in MS pathogenesis, such as inflammatory factors expression, free radicals overproduction, the blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, neuroinflammation, vitamin D deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction could also occur due to exposure to air pollutants. A prospective hypothesis is suggested here in which exposure to air pollutants may initiate destructive mechanisms inducing inflammatory-oxidative cascades, reduction of immunological self-tolerance and neurodegeneration leading to brain autoimmunity.