Short-term oral exposure to low doses of nano-sized TiO2 and potential modulatory effects on intestinal cells. (April 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ammendolia, Maria Grazia; Iosi, Francesca; Maranghi, Francesca; Tassinari, Roberta; Cubadda, Francesco; Aureli, Federica; Raggi, Andrea; Superti, Fabiana; Mantovani, Alberto; De Berardis, Barbara
• Is Part Of: Food and chemical toxicology. Volume 102(2017)
• Page Start: 63
• Page End: 75
• Publication Date: 2017-04
• Subjects: Nano-sized TO2 -- Low doses -- In vitro and in vivo studies -- Testosterone -- IGF-1 -- Modulatory effects; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Food poisoning -- Periodicals; Food Poisoning -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicologie -- Périodiques; Intoxications alimentaires -- Périodiques; Food poisoning; Toxicology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.031
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-6915

Abstract

Abstract: The present study investigated potential modulatory effects of low doses of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) on intestinal cells in vivo and in vitro . After short-term exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles in rats, histopathological analysis of intestinal tissues indicated a gender-specific effect with increased length of intestinal villi in male rats only. Moreover the intestinal tissue showed nanoparticle deposition as revealed by ICP-MS determination of titanium. Increased serum testosterone levels were also detected. Considering the male-specific effects detected in vivo, the TiO2 nanoparticle interaction with intestinal cells was further characterized in vitro and the modulating effect of testosterone and a hormone-induced growth factor, namely Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), was also assessed. Cytotoxicity assays and analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production showed neither cellular alteration nor oxidative stress for nanoparticles at low concentrations, even though they were able to penetrate intestinal cells, as revealed by electron microscopy. Cell treatments with nanoparticles in association with testosterone or IGF-1 showed increased cell proliferation, compared to nanoparticles or testosterone/IGF-1 alone. Since long-term intake of TiO2 nanoparticles at low doses is a relevant scenario for human exposure, attention should be given to the potential modulating activity of this nanomaterial on cell proliferation. Highlights: Short-term oral administration of low doses of TiO2 NPs in rats increased male villi size. TiO2 NPs at low doses showed bioaccumulation in intestinal rat mucosa. In vitro exposure of intestinal cells to low concentrations of NPs did not elicit damage or ROS production. Combined in vitro exposure to TiO2 NPs and testosterone or IGF-1 increased intestinal cell proliferation.