Nitric oxide and energy metabolism in mammals. (29th March 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dai, Zhaolai; Wu, Zhenlong; Yang, Ying; Wang, Junjun; Satterfield, M. Carey; Meininger, Cynthia J.; Bazer, Fuller W.; Wu, Guoyao
• Is Part Of: BioFactors. Volume 39:Number 4(2013:Jul./Aug.)
• Page Start: 383
• Page End: 391
• Publication Date: 2013-03-29
• Subjects: energy metabolism -- mitochondria -- nitric oxide -- oxidation; Vitamins -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Trace elements -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Growth factors -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Plant growth promoting substances -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena -- Periodicals; Trace Elements -- metabolism -- Periodicals; Vitamins -- metabolism -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; 612.399
• DOI: 10.1002/biof.1099
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0951-6433

Abstract

Abstract : Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule synthesized fromL ‐arginine by NO synthase in animals. Increasing evidence shows that NO regulates the mammalian metabolism of energy substrates and that these effects of NO critically depend on its concentrations at the reaction site and the period of exposure. High concentrations of NO (in the micromolar range) irreversibly inhibit complexes I, II, III, IV, and V in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, whereas physiological levels of NO (in the nanomolar range) reversibly reduce cytochomrome oxidase. Thus, NO reduces oxygen consumption by isolated mitochondria to various extents. In intact cells, through cGMP and AMP‐activated protein kinase signaling, physiological levels of NO acutely stimulate uptake and oxidation of glucose and fatty acids by skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and adipose tissue, while inhibiting the synthesis of glucose, glycogen and fat in the insulin‐sensitive tissues, and enhancing lipolysis in white adipocytes. Chronic effects of physiological levels of NO in vivo include stimulation of angiogenesis, blood flow, mitochondrial biogenesis, and brown adipocyte development. Modulation of NO‐mediated pathways through dietary supplementation withL ‐arginine or its precursorL ‐citrulline may provide an effective, practical strategy to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in mammals, including humans. © 2013 BioFactors, 39(4):383–391, 2013