International estimated fetal weight standards of the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project. (5th March 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Stirnemann, J.; Villar, J.; Salomon, L. J.; Ohuma, E.; Ruyan, P.; Altman, D. G.; Nosten, F.; Craik, R.; Munim, S.; Cheikh Ismail, L.; Barros, F. C.; Lambert, A.; Norris, S.; Carvalho, M.; Jaffer, Y. A.; Noble, J. A.; Bertino, E.; Gravett, M. G.; Purwar, M.; Victora, C. G.; Uauy, R.; Bhutta, Z.; Kennedy, S.; Papageorghiou, A. T.
• Other Names: Katz M investigator.; Bhan MK investigator.; Garza C investigator.; Zaidi S investigator.; Langer A investigator.; Rothwell PM investigator.; Weatherall Sir D investigator.; Bhutta ZA investigator.; Villar J investigator.; Kennedy S investigator.; Altman DG investigator.; Barros FC investigator.; Bertino E investigator.; Burton F investigator.; Carvalho M investigator.; Ismail L Cheikh investigator.; Chumlea WC investigator.; Gravett MG investigator.; Jaffer YA investigator.; Lambert A investigator.; Lumbiganon P investigator.; Noble JA investigator.; Pang RY investigator.; Papageorghiou AT investigator.; Purwar M investigator.; Rivera J investigator.; Victora C investigator.; Uauy R investigator.; Kennedy S investigator.; Villar J investigator.; Altman DG investigator.; Barros FC investigator.; Berkley J investigator.; Burton F investigator.; Carvalho M investigator.; Ismail L Cheikh investigator.; Chumlea WC investigator.; Lambert A investigator.; Munim S investigator.; Norris S investigator.; Nosten F investigator.; Papageorghiou AT investigator.; Victora C investigator.; Villar J investigator.; Altman DG investigator.; Ismail L Cheikh investigator.; Kennedy S investigator.; Lambert A investigator.; Noble JA investigator.; Papageorghiou AT investigator.; Bhutta ZA investigator.; Craik R investigator.; Uauy R investigator.; Villar J investigator.; Ismail L Cheikh investigator.; Kennedy S investigator.; Lambert A investigator.; Papageorghiou AT investigator.; Shorten M investigator.; Hoch L investigator.; Knight HE investigator.; Ohuma EO investigator.; Cosgrove C investigator.; Blakey I investigator.; Ash S investigator.; Craik R investigator.; Altman DG investigator.; Ohuma EO investigator.; Urias E Staines investigator.; Villar J investigator.; Altman DG investigator.; Roseman F investigator.; Kunnawar N investigator.; Gu SH investigator.; Wang JH investigator.; Wu MH investigator.; Domingues M investigator.; Gilli P investigator.; Juodvirsiene L investigator.; Hoch L investigator.; Musee N investigator.; Al‐Jabri H investigator.; Waller S investigator.; Cosgrove C investigator.; Muninzwa D investigator.; Ohuma EO investigator.; Yellappan D investigator.; Carter A investigator.; Reade D investigator.; Miller R investigator.; Ahmed I investigator.; Ash S investigator.; Condon C investigator.; Mainwaring M investigator.; Muninzwa D investigator.; da Silveira MF investigator.; Urias E Staines investigator.; Walusuna L investigator.; Wiladphaingern S investigator.; Papageorghiou AT investigator.; Salomon L investigator.; Leston A investigator.; Mitidieri A investigator.; Al‐Aamri F investigator.; Paulsene W investigator.; Sande J investigator.; Al‐Zadjali WKS investigator.; Batiuk C investigator.; Bornemeier S investigator.; Carvalho M investigator.; Dighe M investigator.; Gaglioti P investigator.; Jacinta N investigator.; Jaiswal S investigator.; Noble JA investigator.; Oas K investigator.; Oberto M investigator.; Olearo E investigator.; Owende MG investigator.; Shah J investigator.; Sohoni S investigator.; Todros T investigator.; Venkataraman M investigator.; Vinayak S investigator.; Wang L investigator.; Wilson D investigator.; Wu QQ investigator.; Zaidi S investigator.; Zhang Y investigator.; Chamberlain P investigator.; Danelon D investigator.; Sarris I investigator.; Dhami J investigator.; Ioannou C investigator.; Knight CL investigator.; Napolitano R investigator.; Wanyonyi S investigator.; Pace C investigator.; Mkrtychyan V investigator.; Buckle M investigator.; Jackson N investigator.; Mitidieri A investigator.; Munim S investigator.; Mwangudzah H investigator.; Norris T investigator.; Shah J investigator.; Zainab G investigator.; Ismail L Cheikh investigator.; Chumlea WC investigator.; Al‐Habsi F investigator.; Bhutta ZA investigator.; Carter A investigator.; Alija M investigator.; Jimenez‐Bustos JM investigator.; Kizidio J investigator.; Puglia F investigator.; Kunnawar N investigator.; Liu H investigator.; Lloyd S investigator.; Mota D investigator.; Ochieng R investigator.; Rossi C investigator.; Luna M Sanchez investigator.; Shen YJ investigator.; Knight HE investigator.; Rocco DA investigator.; Frederick IO investigator.; Kizidio J investigator.; Monyepote B investigator.; Salim M investigator.; Salam R investigator.; Carrara VI investigator.; Craik R investigator.; Alam D investigator.; Guman Y investigator.; Kilonzo J investigator.; Min A investigator.; Ngami V investigator.; Olivera I investigator.; Deutsch G investigator.; Bhutta ZA investigator.; Albernaz E investigator.; Batra M investigator.; Bhat BA investigator.; Bertino E investigator.; Nicola P Di investigator.; Giuliani F investigator.; Rovelli I investigator.; McCormick K investigator.; Ochieng R investigator.; Pang RY investigator.; Paul V investigator.; Rajan V investigator.; Wilkinson A investigator.; Uauy R investigator.; Varalda A investigator.; Eskenazi B investigator.; Bradman A investigator.; Burnham O investigator.; Corra LA investigator.; Dolk H investigator.; Farhi F investigator.; Finkton D investigator.; Golding J investigator.; Matijasevich A investigator.; de Wet T investigator.; Villar J investigator.; Zhang JJ investigator.; Stein A investigator.; Fernandes M investigator.; Abubakar A investigator.; Acedo J investigator.; Aranzeta L investigator.; Ismail L Cheikh investigator.; Giuliani F investigator.; Ibanez D investigator.; Kennedy S investigator.; Kihara M investigator.; de Leon E investigator.; Newton CR investigator.; Savini S investigator.; Soria‐Frisch A investigator.; Villar J investigator.; Wulff K investigator.; Barros FC investigator.; Domingues M investigator.; Fonseca S investigator.; Leston A investigator.; Mitidieri A investigator.; Mota D investigator.; Sclowitz IK investigator.; da Silveira MF investigator.; Pang RY investigator.; He YP investigator.; Pan Y investigator.; Shen YJ investigator.; Wu MH investigator.; Wu QQ investigator.; Wang JH investigator.; Yuan Y investigator.; Zhang Y investigator.; Purwar M investigator.; Choudhary A investigator.; Choudhary S investigator.; Deshmukh S investigator.; Dongaonkar D investigator.; Ketkar M investigator.; Khedikar V investigator.; Kunnawar N investigator.; Mahorkar C investigator.; Mulik I investigator.; Saboo K investigator.; Shembekar C investigator.; Singh A investigator.; Taori V investigator.; Tayade K investigator.; Somani A investigator.; Bertino E investigator.; Nicola P Di investigator.; Frigerio M investigator.; Gilli G investigator.; Gilli P investigator.; Giolito M investigator.; Giuliani F investigator.; Oberto M investigator.; Occhi L investigator.; Rossi C investigator.; Rovelli I investigator.; Signorile F investigator.; Todros T investigator.; Stones W investigator.; Carvalho M investigator.; Kizidio J investigator.; Ochieng R investigator.; Shah J investigator.; Vinayak S investigator.; Musee N investigator.; Kisiang'ani C investigator.; Muninzwa D investigator.; Kilonzo J investigator.; Sande J investigator.; Berkley J investigator.; Kemp B investigator.; Barsosio H investigator.; Mwakio S investigator.; Mwangudzah H investigator.; Ngami V investigator.; Salim M investigator.; Seale A investigator.; Walusuna L investigator.; Jaffer YA investigator.; Al‐Abri J investigator.; Al‐Abduwani J investigator.; Al‐Habsi FM investigator.; Al‐Lawatiya H investigator.; Al‐Rashidiya B investigator.; Al‐Zadjali WKS investigator.; Juangco FR investigator.; Venkataraman M investigator.; Al‐Jabri H investigator.; Yellappan D investigator.; Munim S investigator.; Zainab G investigator.; Ahmed I investigator.; Alam D investigator.; Raza A investigator.; Salam R investigator.; Norris S investigator.; Guman Y investigator.; Lephoto T investigator.; Macauley S investigator.; Malgas L investigator.; Nosten F investigator.; Jackson N investigator.; McGready R investigator.; Min A investigator.; Cararra VI investigator.; Wiladphaingern S investigator.; Kennedy S investigator.; Ismail L Cheikh investigator.; Lambert A investigator.; Lloyd S investigator.; Napolitano R investigator.; Ohuma EO investigator.; Papageorghiou AT investigator.; Patel B investigator.; Puglia F investigator.; Roseman F investigator.; Roseman S investigator.; Ioannou C investigator.; Sarris I investigator.; Ash S investigator.; Baricco M investigator.; Capp A investigator.; Craik R investigator.; Hussein S investigator.; Laister A investigator.; Lewis T investigator.; Maggiora E investigator.; Norris T investigator.; Sharps M investigator.; Varalda A investigator.; Carew R investigator.; Gravett MG investigator.; Batiuk C investigator.; Batra M investigator.; Bornemeier S investigator.; Dighe M investigator.; Oas K investigator.; Paulsene W investigator.; Wilson D investigator.; Frederick IO investigator.; Andersen HF investigator.; Abbott SE investigator.; Carter AA investigator.; Algren H investigator.; Rocco DA investigator.; Sorensen TK investigator.; Enquobahrie D investigator.; Waller S investigator.;
• Is Part Of: Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology. Volume 49:Number 4(2017)
• Page Start: 478
• Page End: 486
• Publication Date: 2017-03-05
• Subjects: birth weight -- fetal growth -- gestational age -- screening -- ultrasound; Ultrasonics in obstetrics -- Periodicals; Generative organs, Female -- Diseases -- Diagnosis -- Periodicals; Diagnosis, Ultrasonic -- Periodicals; Genital Diseases, Female -- ultrasonography -- Periodicals; Ultrasonography, Prenatal -- Periodicals; 618.047543
• DOI: 10.1002/uog.17347
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0960-7692

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Objective: Estimated fetal weight (EFW) and fetal biometry are complementary measures used to screen for fetal growth disturbances. Our aim was to provide international EFW standards to complement the INTERGROWTH‐21 st Fetal Growth Standards that are available for use worldwide. Methods: Women with an accurate gestational‐age assessment, who were enrolled in the prospective, international, multicenter, population‐based Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) and INTERBIO‐21 st Fetal Study (FS), two components of the INTERGROWTH‐21 st Project, had ultrasound scans every 5 weeks from 9–14 weeks' until 40 weeks' gestation. At each visit, measurements of fetal head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were obtained blindly by dedicated research sonographers using standardized methods and identical ultrasound machines. Birth weight was measured within 12 h of delivery by dedicated research anthropometrists using standardized methods and identical electronic scales. Live babies without any congenital abnormality, who were born within 14 days of the last ultrasound scan, were selected for inclusion. As most births occurred at around 40 weeks' gestation, we constructed a bootstrap model selection and estimation procedure based on resampling of the complete dataset under an approximately uniform distribution of birth weight, thus enriching the sample size at extremes of fetal sizes, to achieve consistent estimates across the full range of fetal weight. We constructed reference centiles using second‐degree fractional polynomial models. Results: Of the overall population, 2404 babies were born within 14 days of the last ultrasound scan. Mean time between the last scan and birth was 7.7 (range, 0–14) days and was uniformly distributed. Birth weight was best estimated as a function of AC and HC (without FL) as log(EFW) = 5.084820 − 54.06633 × (AC/100) 3 − 95.80076 × (AC/100) 3 × log(AC/100) + 3.136370 × (HC/100), where EFW is in g and AC and HC are in cm. All other measures, gestational age, symphysis–fundus height, amniotic fluid indices and interactions between biometric measures and gestational age, were not retained in the selection process because they did not improve the prediction of EFW. Applying the formula to FGLS biometric data ( n = 4231) enabled gestational age‐specific EFW tables to be constructed. At term, the EFW centiles matched those of the INTERGROWTH‐21 st Newborn Size Standards but, at < 37 weeks' gestation, the EFW centiles were, as expected, higher than those of babies born preterm. Comparing EFW cross‐sectional values with the INTERGROWTH‐21 st Preterm Postnatal Growth Standards confirmed that preterm postnatal growth is a different biological process from intrauterine growth. Conclusions: We provide an assessment of EFW, as an adjunct to routine ultrasound biometry, from 22 to 40 weeks' gestation. However, we strongly encourage clinicians to evaluate fetal growth using separate biometric measures such as HC and AC, as well as EFW, to avoid the minimalist approach of focusing on a single value. © 2016 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.