Inferring paternal history of rural African‐derived Brazilian populations from Y chromosomes. Issue 2 (20th October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kimura, Lilian; Nunes, Kelly; Macedo‐Souza, Lúcia Inês; Rocha, Jorge; Meyer, Diogo; Mingroni‐Netto, Regina Célia
• Other Names: Bernstein Robin M. guestEditor.; Dufour Darna L. guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: American journal of human biology. Volume 29:Issue 2(2017:Mar./Apr.)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2016-10-20
• Subjects: African‐Brazilian communities -- anthropological data -- founder haplotypes -- genetic data -- Y‐chromosome; Human biology -- Periodicals; Physical anthropology -- Periodicals; Biologie humaine -- Périodiques; Anthropologie physique -- Périodiques; 612
• DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22930
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1042-0533

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: Quilombo remnants are relics of communities founded by runaway or abandoned African slaves, but often with subsequent extensive and complex admixture patterns with European and Native Americans. We combine a genetic study of Y‐chromosome markers with anthropological surveys in order to obtain a portrait of quilombo structure and history in the region that has the largest number of quilombo remnants in the state of São Paulo. Methods: Samples from 289 individuals from quilombo remnants were genotyped using a set of 17 microsatellites on the Y chromosome (AmpFlSTR‐Yfiler). A subset of 82 samples was also genotyped using SNPs array (Axiom Human Origins—Affymetrix). We estimated haplotype and haplogroup frequencies, haplotype diversity and sharing, and pairwise genetic distances through F ST and R ST indexes. Results: We identified 95 Y chromosome haplotypes, classified into 15 haplogroups. About 63% are European, 32% are African, and 6% Native American. The most common were: R1b (European, 34.2%), E1b1a (African, 32.3%), J1 (European, 6.9%), and Q (Native American, 6.2%). Genetic differentiation among communities was low ( F ST = 0.0171; R ST = 0.0161), and haplotype sharing was extensive. Genetic, genealogical and oral surveys allowed us to detect five main founder haplotypes, which explained a total of 27.7% of the Y chromosome lineages. Conclusions: Our results showed a high European patrilineal genetic contribution among the founders of quilombos, high amounts of gene flow, and a recent common origin of these populations. Common haplotypes and genealogical data indicate the origin of quilombos from a few male individuals. Our study reinforces the importance of a dual approach, involving the analysis of both anthropological and genetic data.