Aggregate exposure modelling of zinc pyrithione in rinse-off personal cleansing products using a person-orientated approach with market share refinement. (September 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tozer, Sarah A.; Kelly, Seamus; O'Mahony, Cian; Daly, E.J.; Nash, J.F.
• Is Part Of: Food and chemical toxicology. Volume 83(2015)
• Page Start: 103
• Page End: 110
• Publication Date: 2015-09
• Subjects: Aggregate exposure -- Probabilistic modelling -- Zinc pyrithione; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Food poisoning -- Periodicals; Food Poisoning -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicologie -- Périodiques; Intoxications alimentaires -- Périodiques; Food poisoning; Toxicology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-6915

Abstract

Abstract: Realistic estimates of chemical aggregate exposure are needed to ensure consumer safety. As exposure estimates are a critical part of the equation used to calculate acceptable "safe levels" and conduct quantitative risk assessments, methods are needed to produce realistic exposure estimations. To this end, a probabilistic aggregate exposure model was developed to estimate consumer exposure from several rinse off personal cleansing products containing the anti-dandruff preservative zinc pyrithione. The model incorporates large habits and practices surveys, containing data on frequency of use, amount applied, co-use along with market share, and combines these data at the level of the individual based on subject demographics to better estimate exposure. The daily-applied exposure (i.e., amount applied to the skin) was 3.79 mg/kg/day for the 95th percentile consumer. The estimated internal dose for the 95th percentile exposure ranged from 0.01–1.29 μg/kg/day after accounting for retention following rinsing and dermal penetration of ZnPt. This probabilistic aggregate exposure model can be used in the human safety assessment of ingredients in multiple rinse-off technologies (e.g., shampoo, bar soap, body wash, and liquid hand soap). In addition, this model may be used in other situations where refined exposure assessment is required to support a chemical risk assessment. Highlights: This presents a probabilistic aggregate exposure estimate for the preservative zinc pyrithione in rinse-off products. This refined exposure model incorporates large datasets, including co-use and market share data to estimate exposure. The aggregate exposure estimates are comparable to clinical data, suggesting that they reliably reflect real-life scenario. The modelling approach can be reapplied to other aggregate exposure scenarios.