Using genetics to predict patient response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Issue 1 (2nd January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Karachaliou, Niki; Moreno, Maria de los Llanos Gil; Sosa, Aaron E.; Santarpia, Mariacarmela; Lazzari, Chiara; Capote, Alejandra Rodriguez; Massuti, Bartomeu; Rosell, Rafael
• Is Part Of: Expert review of precision medicine and drug development. Volume 2:Issue 1(2017)
• Page Start: 21
• Page End: 32
• Publication Date: 2017-01-02
• Subjects: Chemotherapy -- platinum -- lung cancer -- customized chemotherapy -- DNA repair; Personalized medicine -- Periodicals; Drug development -- Periodicals; 615.19005
• DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1298969
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2380-8993

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction : Platinum-based drugs are the mainstay of cancer therapy with potent activity but also with many disadvantages, including tumor intrinsic or acquired resistance and numerous adverse effects. The main mechanism of platinum-resistance is the removal of the platinum-DNA adducts that are responsible for the anticancer effect of platinum compounds by DNA repair mechanisms. Over the years, several studies have attempted to customize platinum-based chemotherapy according to the expression of DNA repair components and determine which patients can obtain the maximum benefit from treatment. Areas covered : In this review we will first summarize the main DNA repair pathways responsible for protecting cell genomic integrity, emphasizing on the 'damage sensor' proteins that have been used to select patients for platinum-based chemotherapy. In the second part of the review, we will provide a summary of our prospective and retrospective studies aiming to customize platinum-based chemotherapy for lung cancer as well as other types of tumors. Expert commentary : Although no validated predictive biomarker of response to platinum-based chemotherapy has entered the routine clinical practice to date, ongoing efforts towards tumor classification based on DNA repair activity can ultimately help clinical decision making and improve patients' outcome.