Neurocognitive functioning in children with developmental dyslexia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Multiple deficits and diagnostic accuracy. Issue 3 (16th March 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Moura, Octávio; Pereira, Marcelino; Alfaiate, Cláudia; Fernandes, Eva; Fernandes, Boavida; Nogueira, Susana; Moreno, Joana; Simões, Mário R.
• Is Part Of: Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology. Volume 39:Issue 3(2017)
• Page Start: 296
• Page End: 312
• Publication Date: 2017-03-16
• Subjects: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder -- Developmental dyslexia -- Diagnostic accuracy -- Multiple cognitive deficit hypothesis -- Neurocognitive functioning; Neuropsychology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Neurosciences -- Periodicals; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Societies, Medical -- Periodicals; 616.89
• DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1225007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1380-3395

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction : This study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive functioning of children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method : Four groups of children between the ages of 8 and 10 years participated in the study: typically developing children (TDC; N = 34), children with DD-only ( N = 32), children with ADHD-only ( N = 32), and children with DD+ADHD ( N = 18). Results : Children with DD and ADHD exhibited significant weaknesses on almost all neurocognitive measures compared with TDC. Large effect sizes were observed for naming speed and phonological awareness. The comorbid group showed deficits consistent with both DD and ADHD without additional impairments. Results from binary logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses suggested that some neurocognitive measures revealed an adequate sensitivity for the clinical diagnosis of both neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifically, naming speed and phonological awareness were the strongest predictors to correctly discriminate both disorders. Conclusions : Taken together, the results lend support to the multiple cognitive deficit hypothesis showing a considerable overlap of neurocognitive deficits between both disorders.