Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer regime affect jarrah forest restoration after bauxite mining in Western Australia. Issue 4 (17th May 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Daws, Matthew I.; Standish, Rachel J.; Koch, John M.; Morald, Tim K.
• Editors: Symstad, Amy
• Is Part Of: Applied vegetation science. Volume 16:Issue 4(2013:Oct.)
• Page Start: 610
• Page End: 618
• Publication Date: 2013-05-17
• Subjects: Community assembly -- Low fertility -- Mine site restoration -- Species richness; Plant ecology -- Periodicals; Plant communities -- Periodicals; Plant populations -- Periodicals; Nature -- Effect of human beings on -- Periodicals; 581.705
• DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12046
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1402-2001

Abstract

Abstract: Question: Removal of vegetation and disturbance of the soil profile during mining reduce nutrient pools available for plants during mine site restoration. Thus, fertilizer is needed to replace the loss of nutrients available to support vegetation establishment. Yet the application of fertilizer can promote the establishment of competitively dominant species to the exclusion of others, particularly in low‐fertility ecosystems. Here, we test effects of fertilizer application rates on the establishment of jarrah forest. Location: Five restored mine pits in the jarrah forest that grows on low‐fertility soils in southwest Western Australia. Methods: Nitrogen (0 and 20 kg elemental N·ha −1 ) and phosphorus (0, 10, 20 and 40 kg elemental P·ha −1 ) were applied factorially to 20 m × 20 m field plots at five sites restored after bauxite mining with seeds and seedlings of jarrah forest species. Results: Two and a half years after the experiment was established, there were no effects of N application rates on species richness, percentage vegetation cover or community composition of the restored jarrah forest. In contrast, P application had a number of effects on the restored jarrah forest. Species richness was highest at intermediate P application rates (10–20 kg·ha −1 ) and lowest at the two extreme treatments (0 and 40 kg·ha −1 ). Higher rates of P application resulted in a higher seedling density (2.5 vs 5.0 m −2 for 0 and 40 kg P·ha −1, respectively) and increased plant cover. Fertilizer P also significantly affected community composition, favouring ephemerals and weeds at high application rates and re‐sprouting species at lower application rates. Community composition was more similar to the restoration target (unmined jarrah forest) at 0 kg·P·ha −1 (similarity value of 36%) than at higher P application rates. Conclusions: The data suggest that, in terms of maximizing species richness and percentage cover, a P application rate of between 10 kg·P·ha −1 and 20 kg·P·ha −1 is optimal for jarrah forest restoration after bauxite mining. Additionally, the data suggest no benefit of N application at a rate of 20 kg·N·ha −1 . Abstract : To address loss of soil nutrients in the mining process, fertiliser is generally added in mine‐site restoration. We investigated fertiliser effects on restoration outcomes for jarrah‐forest restored after bauxite mining. Fertiliser‐P significantly affected plant cover, species richness and community composition suggesting a trade‐off between using fertiliser to stimulate rapid plant establishment to minimise erosion and achieving high species richness.