Sulfatide species with various fatty acid chains in oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages determined by imaging mass spectrometry. Issue 3 (15th December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hirahara, Yukie; Wakabayashi, Taketoshi; Mori, Tetsuji; Koike, Taro; Yao, Ikuko; Tsuda, Masayuki; Honke, Koichi; Gotoh, Hitoshi; Ono, Katsuhiko; Yamada, Hisao
• Is Part Of: Journal of neurochemistry. Volume 140:Issue 3(2017)
• Page Start: 435
• Page End: 450
• Publication Date: 2016-12-15
• Subjects: fatty acid chain -- HSO3‐3‐galactosylceramide -- imaging mass spectrometry -- myelin -- pro‐oligodendroblast; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; 616.8042
• DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13897
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-3042

Abstract

Abstract : Sulfatides species comprise the major glycosphingolipid components of oligodendrocytes. Various species contain different fatty acids and it is unclear how these sulfatide species affect oligodendrogenesis. Sulfatides with short‐chain fatty acids were identified in a defined area of pro‐oligodendroblast production in embryos. Different sulfatide molecular species change with the oligodendrocyte maturation stage and age and exhibit a different spatial distribution in the adult brain. This study should shed light on the role of different sulfatide species in oligodendrocytes and myelin. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article onpage 356 . Abstract: HSO3‐3‐galactosylceramide (Sulfatide) species comprise the major glycosphingolipid components of oligodendrocytes and myelin and play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin formation. Although various sulfatide species contain different fatty acids, it is unclear how these sulfatide species affect oligodendrogenesis and myelination. The O4 monoclonal antibody reaction with sulfatide has been widely used as a useful marker for oligodendrocytes and myelin. However, sulfatide synthesis during the pro‐oligodendroblast stage, where differentiation into the oligodendrocyte lineage has already occurred, has not been examined. Notably, this stage comprises O4‐positive cells. In this study, we identified a sulfatide species from the pro‐oligodendroblast‐to‐myelination stage by imaging mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that short‐chain sulfatides with 16 carbon non‐hydroxylated fatty acids (C16) and 18 carbon non‐hydroxylated fatty acids (C18) or 18 carbon hydroxylated fatty acids (C18‐OH) existed in restricted regions of the early embryonic spinal cord, where pro‐oligodendroblasts initially appear, and co‐localized with Olig2‐positive pro‐oligodendroblasts. C18 and C18‐OH sulfatides also existed in isolated pro‐oligodendroblasts. C22‐OH sulfatide became predominant later in oligodendrocyte development and the longer C24 sulfatide was predominant in the adult brain. Additionally, the presence of each sulfatide species in a different area of the adult brain was demonstrated by imaging mass spectrometry at an increased lateral resolution. These findings indicated that O4 recognized sulfatides with short‐chain fatty acids in pro‐oligodendroblasts. Moreover, the fatty acid chain of the sulfatide became longer as the oligodendrocyte matured. Therefore, individual sulfatide species may have unique roles in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article onpage 356 .