Functional morphology of the feeding apparatus and evolution of proboscis length in metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). (19th July 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bauder, Julia Anne‐Sophie; Handschuh, Stephan; Metscher, Brian Douglas; Krenn, Harald Wolfgang
• Is Part Of: Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 110:Number 2(2013:Oct.)
• Page Start: 291
• Page End: 304
• Publication Date: 2013-07-19
• Subjects: flower‐visitor -- haemolymph pump -- insect -- mouthparts -- sensilla -- suction pump; Biology -- Periodicals; Evolution (Biology) -- Periodicals; 570
• DOI: 10.1111/bij.12134
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0024-4066

Abstract

Abstract : An assessment of the anatomical costs of extremely long proboscid mouthparts can contribute to the understanding of the evolution of form and function in the context of insect feeding behaviour. An integrative analysis of expenses relating to an exceptionally long proboscis in butterflies includes all organs involved in fluid feeding, such as the proboscis plus its musculature, sensilla, and food canal, as well as organs for proboscis movements and the suction pump for fluid uptake. In the present study, we report a morphometric comparison of derived long‐tongued (proboscis approximately twice as long as the body) and short‐tongued Riodinidae (proboscis half as long as the body), which reveals the non‐linear scaling relationships of an extremely long proboscis. We found no elongation of the tip region, low numbers of proboscis sensilla, short sensilla styloconica, and no increase of galeal musculature in relation to galeal volume, but a larger food canal, as well as larger head musculature in relation to the head capsule. The results indicate the relatively low extra expense on the proboscis musculature and sensilla equipment but significant anatomical costs, such as reinforced haemolymph and suction pump musculature, as well as thick cuticular proboscis walls, which are functionally related to feeding performance in species possessing an extremely long proboscis. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110, 291–304.