Dietary l‐carnitine prevents histopathological changes in tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) exposed to cylindrospermopsin. Issue 1 (29th December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Guzmán‐Guillén, Remedios; Prieto Ortega, Ana I.; Moyano, Rosario; Blanco, Alfonso; Vasconcelos, Vitor; Cameán, Ana M.
• Is Part Of: Environmental toxicology. Volume 32:Issue 1(2017)
• Page Start: 241
• Page End: 254
• Publication Date: 2015-12-29
• Subjects: cylindrospermopsin -- aphanizomenon ovalisporum -- l‐carnitine -- histopathology -- tilapia; Water quality bioassay -- Periodicals; Water -- Pollution -- Toxicology -- Periodicals; Microbiological assay -- Periodicals; Toxicity testing -- Periodicals; Environmental toxicology -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollutants -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Écotoxicologie -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Périodiques; 615.902
• DOI: 10.1002/tox.22229
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1520-4081

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxin highly water‐soluble, which is easily taken up by several aquatic organisms. CYN acts as a potent protein and glutathione synthesis inhibitor, as well as inducing genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations. This is the first study reporting the protective effect of al ‐carnitine (LC) pretreatment (400 or 880 mg LC/kg bw fish/day, for 21 days) on the histopathological alterations induced by pure CYN or Aphanizomenon ovalisporum lyophilized cells (400 µg CYN/kg bw fish) in liver, kidney, heart, intestines, and gills of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) acutely exposed to the toxin by oral route. The main histopathological changes induced by CYN were disorganized parenchyma with presence of glycogen and lipids in the cytoplasm (liver), glomerulonephritis, glomerular atrophy, and dilatation of Bowman's capsule (kidney), myofibrolysis, loss of myofibrils, with edema and hemorrhage (heart), intestinal villi with necrotic enterocytes and partial loss of microvilli (gastrointestinal tract), and hyperemia and hemorrhage (gills). LC pretreatment was able to totally prevent those CYN‐induced alterations from 400 mg LC/kg bw fish/day in almost all organs, except in the heart, where 880 mg LC/kg bw fish/day were needed. In addition, the morphometric study indicated that LC managed to recover totally the affectation in the cross sections of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules in CYN‐exposed fish. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 241–254, 2017.