Trapped in the web of water: Groundwater‐fed springs are island‐like ecosystems for the meiofauna. Issue 23 (25th October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fattorini, Simone; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Fiasca, Barbara; Galassi, Diana M. P.
• Is Part Of: Ecology and evolution. Volume 6:Issue 23(2016:Dec.)
• Page Start: 8389
• Page End: 8401
• Publication Date: 2016-10-25
• Subjects: beta diversity -- copepods -- equilibrium theory -- groundwater -- island biogeography -- nestedness; Ecology -- Periodicals; Evolution -- Periodicals; 577.05
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2535
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2045-7758

Abstract

Abstract: We investigated whether the equilibrium theory of island biogeography (ETIB) can be applied to the meiofauna of groundwater‐fed springs. We tested whether copepod species richness was related with spring area, discharge, and elevation. Additionally, five hypotheses are tested based on species distribution patterns, dispersal ability, and life‐history characteristics of several guilds (stygobiotic, nonstygobiotic, cold stenotherm, and noncold stenotherm species). Thirty springs in the central Apennines (Italy) were considered. A multimodel selection procedure was applied to select best‐fit models using both ordinary least‐squares regressions and autoregressive models. Mantel tests were used to investigate the impact of spatial autocorrelation in determining interspring similarity (ßsor), pure turnover (ßsim), intersite nestedness (ßnest = ßsor − ßsim), and matrix nestedness (measured using NODF and other metrics). Explicit consideration of spatial correlations reduced the importance of predictors of overall species richness, noncold stenotherm species (both negatively affected by elevation), cold stenotherm species, and nonstygobiotic species, but increased the importance of area for the stygobiotic species. We detected nested patterns in all cases, except for the stygobites. Interspring distances were positively correlated with ßsor and ßnest (but not with ßsim) for the entire data set and for nonstygobiotic, cold stenotherm, and noncold stenotherm species. In the case of stygobites, interspring geographical distances were marginally correlated with ßsor and no correlation was found for ßsim and ßnest. We found support for ETIB predictions about species richness, which was positively influenced by area and negatively by elevation (which expresses the size of source of immigrants). Low turnover and high nestedness are consistent with an equilibrium scenario mainly regulated by immigration and extinction. Stygobites, which include many distributional and evolutionary relicts, have a low capability to disperse through the aquifers and tend to be mainly confined to the springs where they drifted out and were trapped by springbed sediments. Abstract : We investigated whether the equilibrium theory of island biogeography (ETIB) can be applied to the meiofauna (copepod crustaceans) of groundwater‐fed springs using data from 30 sampling sites in central Apennines (Italy). We found support for ETIB predictions about variation in species richness and beta‐diversity patterns for various ecological categories of copepods, except for stygobites. Stygobites, which have a low capability to disperse through the aquifers, do not follow ETIB predictions, but tend to form relict populations confined to the springs where they drifted out and were trapped by springbed sediments.