PM10 and PM2.5 chemical source profiles with optical attenuation and health risk indicators of paved and unpaved road dust in Bhopal, India. (March 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Samiksha, Shilpi; Sunder Raman, Ramya; Nirmalkar, Jayant; Kumar, Samresh; Sirvaiya, Rohit
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 222(2017)
• Page Start: 477
• Page End: 485
• Publication Date: 2017-03
• Subjects: Paved and unpaved road dust -- Chemical source profiles -- Thermally fractionated carbon -- Optical attenuation -- Health risk indicators; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.067
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Size classified (PM10 and PM2.5 ) paved and unpaved road dust chemical source profiles, optical attenuation and potential health risk from exposure to these sources are reported in this study. A total of 45 samples from 9 paved road and 6 unpaved road sites located in and around Bhopal were re-suspended in the laboratory, collected onto filter substrates and subjected to a variety of chemical analyses. In general, road dust was enriched (compared to upper continental crustal abundance) in anthropogenic pollutants including Sb, Cu, Zn, Co, and Pb. Organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC) in PM10 and PM2.5 size fractions were 50–75% higher in paved road dust compared to their counterparts in unpaved road dust. Further, the results suggest that when it is not possible to include carbon fractions in source profiles, the inclusion of optical attenuation is likely to enhance the source resolution of receptor models. Additionally, profiles obtained in this study were not very similar to the US EPA SPECIATE composite profiles for PM10 and PM2.5, for both sources. Specifically, the mass fractions of Si, Fe, OC, and EC were most different between SPECIATE composite profiles and Bhopal composite profiles. An estimate of health indicators for Bhopal road dust revealed that although Cr was only marginally enriched, its inhalation may pose a health risk. The estimates of potential lifetime incremental cancer risk induced by the inhalation of Cr in paved and unpaved road dust (PM10 and PM2.5 ) for both adults and children were higher than the baseline values of acceptable risk. These results suggest that road dust Cr induced carcinogenic risk should be further investigated. Graphical abstract: Highlights: We report source profiles with optical attenuation for paved and unpaved road dust. Road dust was enriched in anthropogenic pollutants including Sb, Cu, Zn, Co, and Pb. Paved road dust OC/EC were higher than unpaved road dust OC/EC. Cr levels in road dust indicated potential cancer risk upon inhalation. Abstract : We report PM10 and PM2.5 source profiles for paved and unpaved road dust in Bhopal and find that including optical attenuation in profiles is likely to help distinguish between the two sources.