Pharmacokinetic parameters for single‐ and multi‐dose regimens for subcutaneous administration of a high‐dose ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid to neonatal foals. Issue 1 (13th June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pusterla, N.; Hall, T. L.; Wetzlich, S. E.; Monmaney, G.; Collier, J. R.; Hill, J. A.; Tell, L. A.
• Is Part Of: Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. Volume 40:Issue 1(2017)
• Page Start: 88
• Page End: 91
• Publication Date: 2016-06-13
• Subjects: Veterinary pharmacology -- Periodicals; Therapeutics -- Periodicals; 636.0895105
• DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12327
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0140-7783

Abstract

Abstract : The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of single‐ and multi‐dose ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid (CCFA) administered subcutaneously at a dose of 13.2 mg/kg to 12 neonatal foals 1–3 days of age. Six foals received a single subcutaneous dose, while 6 additional foals received 4 doses of CCFA at 48‐h intervals. Blood samples were collected at pre‐determined times following drug administration, and plasma concentrations of ceftiofur free acid equivalents (CFAE) were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Following single‐dose administration of CCFA, the mean ± standard deviation maximum observed plasma concentration was 3.1 ± 0.6 μg/mL and observed time to maximal plasma concentration was 14.0 ± 4.9 h. Following multi‐dose administration of CCFA, the mean ±standard deviation times above CFAE concentrations of ≥0.5 μg/mL and ≥2.0 μg/mL were 192.95 ± 15.86 h and 78.80 ± 15.31 h, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation area under the concentration vs time curve (AUC0→∝ ) was 246.2 ± 30.7 h × μg/mL and 172.7 ± 27.14 h × μg/mL following single‐ and multi‐dose CCFA administrations, respectively. Subcutaneous administration of CCFA at 13.2 mg/kg in neonatal foals was clinically well‐ tolerated and resulted in plasma concentrations sufficient for the treatment of most bacterial pathogens associated with neonatal foal septicemia. Multi‐dose administration of four doses at dosing interval of 48 h between treatments maintains appropriate therapeutic concentrations in neonatal foals.