Macrosomia. (January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Araujo Júnior, Edward; Peixoto, Alberto Borges; Zamarian, Ana Cristina Perez; Elito Júnior, Júlio; Tonni, Gabriele
• Is Part Of: Best practice & research. Volume 38(2017)
• Page Start: 83
• Page End: 96
• Publication Date: 2017-01
• Subjects: fetal macrosomia -- gestational diabetes mellitus -- birth weight -- two-dimensional ultrasound -- three-dimensional ultrasound -- induction of labor -- shoulder dystocia; Gynecology -- Periodicals; Obstetrics -- Periodicals; Genital Diseases, Female; Obstetrics; Gynecology; Obstetrics; Periodicals; 618.05
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1521-6934

Abstract

Abstract : Fetal macrosomia is defined as birth weight >4000 g and is associated with several maternal and fetal complications such as maternal birth canal trauma, shoulder dystocia, and perinatal asphyxia. Early identification of risk factors could allow preventive measures to be taken to avoid adverse perinatal outcomes. Prenatal diagnosis is based on two-dimensional ultrasound formulae, but accuracy is low, particularly at advanced gestation. Three-dimensional ultrasound could be an alternative to soft tissue monitoring, allowing better prediction of birth weight than two-dimensional ultrasound. In this article, we describe the definition, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, ultrasound monitoring, prenatal care, and delivery in fetal macrosomia cases. Highlights: Fetal macrosomia is defined as a birth weight >4000 g. Gestational diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for fetal macrosomia. Ultrasound is a practical method for screening pregnant women for fetal macrosomia. Fetal macrosomia is associated with higher rates of shoulder dystocia, perinatal trauma, and cesarean section. Scheduled early-term birth for ultrasound-diagnosed fetal macrosomia may confer benefits to both the mother and the baby.