As El Niño builds, Pacific Warm Pool expands, ocean gains more heat. Issue 1 (13th January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Johnson, Gregory C.; Birnbaum, Abigail N.
• Is Part Of: Geophysical research letters. Volume 44:Issue 1(2017)
• Page Start: 438
• Page End: 445
• Publication Date: 2017-01-13
• Subjects: Earth's energy imbalance -- Argo -- CERES -- ocean heat content; Geophysics -- Periodicals; Planets -- Periodicals; Lunar geology -- Periodicals; 550
• DOI: 10.1002/2016GL071767
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0094-8276

Abstract

Abstract: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects substantial redistributions of ocean temperature, both horizontal and vertical, on interannual time scales, especially in the Pacific Ocean. Analyses of monthly Argo‐based ocean temperature maps illustrate large‐scale ocean heat content redistributions with ENSO. They quantify a globally averaged sea surface temperature warming of ~0.1°C with a 1°C increase of the Niño3.4 index (a moderate El Niño), a substantial perturbation to the 0.13°C decade −1 trend in sea surface temperature. Monthly satellite‐based estimates of Earth's energy imbalance suggest that a 1°C increase of the Niño3.4 index corresponds to an increase of ~3.4 ZJ in Earth's energy storage, more gently modulating the longer‐term ~114 ZJ decade −1 trend. Yearly global ocean heat content estimates based on ocean temperature data, with their reduced uncertainties compared to monthly maps, reveal interannual variations in Earth's energy storage that correspond well with satellite‐based estimates. Key Points: Analyses of Argo float temperature and satellite energy flux data illustrate redistribution and variations of heat storage with ENSO Monthly ocean analyses reveal large‐scale ocean heat content variations, while yearly analyses reveal variations in Earth's energy storage A 1°C increase of the Niño3.4 index corresponds to an increase of ~3.4 ZJ in Earth's energy storage, modulating the ~114 ZJ/decade trend