Flies evolved small bodies and cells at high or fluctuating temperatures. Issue 22 (12th October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Adrian, Gregory J.; Czarnoleski, Marcin; Angilletta, Michael J.
• Is Part Of: Ecology and evolution. Volume 6:Issue 22(2016:Dec.)
• Page Start: 7991
• Page End: 7996
• Publication Date: 2016-10-12
• Subjects: body size -- cell size -- Drosophila -- experimental evolution -- fluctuations -- selection -- temperature; Ecology -- Periodicals; Evolution -- Periodicals; 577.05
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2534
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2045-7758

Abstract

Abstract: Recent theory predicts that the sizes of cells will evolve according to fluctuations in body temperature. Smaller cells speed metabolism during periods of warming but require more energy to maintain and repair. To evaluate this theory, we studied the evolution of cell size in populations of Drosophila melanogaster held at either a constant temperature (16°C or 25°C) or fluctuating temperatures (16 and 25°C). Populations that evolved at fluctuating temperatures or a constant 25°C developed smaller thoraxes, wings, and cells than did flies exposed to a constant 16°C. The cells of flies from fluctuating environments were intermediate in size to those of flies from constant environments. Most genetic variation in cell size was independent of variation in wing size, suggesting that cell size was a target of selection. These evolutionary patterns accord with patterns of developmental plasticity documented previously. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms that underlie the selective advantage of small cells at high or fluctuating temperatures. Abstract : Experimental evolution at constant or fluctuating temperatures caused cell size to evolve. Cells of flies from fluctuating environments were intermediate in size to those of flies from constant environments. Most genetic variation in cell size was independent of variation in wing size, suggesting that cell size was a target of selection.