Cryogenically cooled ultra low vibration silicon mirrors for gravitational wave observatories. (January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shapiro, Brett; Adhikari, Rana X.; Aguiar, Odylio; Bonilla, Edgard; Fan, Danyang; Gan, Litawn; Gomez, Ian; Khandelwal, Sanditi; Lantz, Brian; MacDonald, Tim; Madden-Fong, Dakota
• Is Part Of: Cryogenics. Volume 81(2017)
• Page Start: 83
• Page End: 92
• Publication Date: 2017-01
• Subjects: Low vibration cryogenics -- Gravitational waves -- Feedback control; Low temperature engineering -- Periodicals; Low temperature research -- Periodicals; 536.56
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2016.12.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0011-2275

Abstract

Highlights: Future interferometric gravitational wave detectors will have cryogenic mirrors. A low vibration cryogenic system is proposed. The system includes an active feedback system to reduce vibration. Experimental results achieve the required temperature and vibration. Abstract: Interferometric gravitational wave observatories recently launched a new field of gravitational wave astronomy with the first detections of gravitational waves in 2015. The number and quality of these detections is limited in part by thermally induced vibrations in the mirrors, which show up as noise in these interferometers. One way to reduce this thermally induced noise is to use low temperature mirrors made of high purity single-crystalline silicon. However, these low temperatures must be achieved without increasing the mechanical vibration of the mirror surface or the vibration of any surface within close proximity to the mirrors. The vibration of either surface can impose a noise inducing phase shift on the light within the interferometer or physically push the mirror through oscillating radiation pressure. This paper proposes a system for the Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) to achieve the dual goals of low temperature and low vibration to reduce the thermally induced noise in silicon mirrors. Experimental results are obtained at Stanford University to prove that these dual goals can be realized simultaneously.